Catch Them before They Fall: Identification and Assessment To Prevent Reading Failure in Young Children.

And the consequences of a slow start in reading become monumental as they accumulate exponentially over time. As Stanovich (1986) pointed out in his well-known paper on the "Matthew effects" (the rich get richer and the poor get poorer) associated with failure to acquire early word reading skills, these consequences range from negative attitudes toward reading (Oka & Paris, 1986), to reduced opportunities for vocabulary growth (Nagy, Herman, & Anderson, 1985), to missed opportunities for development of reading comprehension strategies (Brown, Palinscar, & Purcell, 1986), to less actual practice in reading than other children receive (Allington, 1984).

[1]  S. Ceci.  Handbook of cognitive, social, and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities , 1988 .

[2]  Patricia A. Herman,et al.  Learning Words from Context. , 1985 .

[3]  Joseph K. Torgesen,et al.  Prevention and Remediation of Severe Reading Disabilities: Keeping the End in Mind , 1997, Components of Effective Reading Intervention.

[4]  L. Siegel.  IQ Is Irrelevant to the Definition of Learning Disabilities , 1989, Journal of learning disabilities.

[5]  Hallie Kay Yopp,et al.  The validity and reliability of phonemic awareness tests. , 1988 .

[6]  Joseph K. Torgesen,et al.  Development of Reading-Related Phonological Processing Abilities: New Evidence of Bidirectional Causality from a Latent Variable Longitudinal Study. , 1994 .

[7]  Joseph K. Torgesen,et al.  Longitudinal Studies of Phonological Processing and Reading , 1994, Journal of learning disabilities.

[8]  Jack M. Fletcher,et al.  The Role of Instruction in Learning To Read: Preventing Reading Failure in At-Risk Children. , 1998 .

[9]  K. Stanovich,et al.  Phenotypic performance profile of children with reading disabilities: A regression-based test of the phonological-core variable-difference model. , 1994 .

[10]  Linnea C. Ehri,et al.  Grapheme-phoneme knowledge is essential for learning to read words in English , 1998 .

[11]  Connie Juel,et al.  What Makes Literacy Tutoring Effective , 1996 .

[12]  G. Whitehurst,et al.  Child development and emergent literacy. , 1998, Child development.

[13]  Ulric Neisser,et al.  The School achievement of minority children : new perspectives , 1987 .

[14]  P. Accardo,et al.  Specific Reading Disability: A View of the Spectrum. , 1998 .

[15]  Keith E. Stanovich,et al.  Components of phonological awareness , 1995 .

[16]  S. Paris,et al.  Patterns of Motivation and Reading Skills in Underachieving Children , 1986 .

[17]  T. Scruggs,et al.  Best Practices in Promoting Reading Comprehension in Students with Learning Disabilities 1976 to 1996 , 1997 .

[18]  Stephen R. Burgess,et al.  Changing relations between phonological processing abilities and word-level reading as children develop from beginning to skilled readers: a 5-year longitudinal study. , 1997, Developmental psychology.

[19]  Philip B. Gough,et al.  The simple view of reading , 1990 .

[20]  Jack M. Fletcher,et al.  Developmental Lag versus Deficit Models of Reading Disability: A Longitudinal, Individual Growth Curves Analysis. , 1996 .

[21]  Isabelle Y. Liberman,et al.  The alphabetic principle and learning to read. , 1989 .

[22]  K. Stanovich.  Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy. , 1986 .

[23]  Keith E. Stanovich,et al.  Assessing phonological awareness in kindergarten children: Issues of task comparability , 1984 .

[24]  Philip B. Gough,et al.  How children learn to read and why they fail , 1996, Annals of dyslexia.

[25]  Anne E. Fowler,et al.  Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions. , 1994 .

[26]  Richard L. Allington,et al.  Content Coverage and Contextual Reading in Reading Groups , 1984 .

[27]  Ingvar Lundberg,et al.  Effects of an Extensive Program for Stimulating Phonological Awareness in Preschool Children. , 1988 .

[28]  R. Felton,et al.  Early Identification of Children at Risk for Reading Disabilities , 1992 .

[29]  Marilyn Jager Adams,et al.  Beginning To Read: Thinking and Learning about Print. , 1991 .

[30]  I. Gaskins.  Procedures for Word Learning: Making Discoveries about Words. , 1997 .