Instantaneous availability for the protection devices based on non-homogeneous Markov model and a case study

While evaluating the reliability of protection devices, the instantaneous availability (IA) is more applicable than the steady-state availability. This paper first proposes a general formulation to calculate the IA of relay protection device with the non-homogeneous Markov model. Then, it presents a 4-state Markov model, including the self-test and preventive maintenance, together with time-varying failure rate (TFR) as a case study. Furthermore, based on the field data, it analyzes the variation of IA with respect to different self-test efficiency and repair cycle.

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