Metabolism of Environmental Contaminants by Mixed and Pure Cultures of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Many environments are anoxic or rapidly become so after contamination with carbon-rich compounds such as gasoline, crude oil, or a myriad of other pollutants. Removal mechanisms for recalcitrant compounds become very important if these potentially hazardous molecules make their way into drinking or ground water supplies. The anaerobic metabolism of organic compounds is an environmental sink for many of these molecules. There are multiple routes for the anaerobic metabolism of organic chemicals. When external electron acceptors are absent, the oxidation of organic matter can be coupled with the reduction of other atoms of the energy source in anaerobic fermentation processes. Alternate metabolic routes for energy generation include anaerobic respiration with nitrate, iron, manganese, sulfate, or carbon dioxide as electron acceptors. Organic electron acceptors are also available for energy conservation in anaerobes, as some organisms are capable of using phenylmethylethers or even haloorganic substances in this capacity with simple organic molecules or hydrogen acting as electron donors.

[1]  H. May,et al.  Subculturing of a polychlorinated biphenyl-dechlorinating anaerobic enrichment on solid media , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[2]  T. Leisinger,et al.  Transformation of tetrachloromethane to dichloromethane and carbon dioxide by Acetobacterium woodii , 1988, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[3]  E. Ziomek,et al.  Modification of Lignins by Growing Cells of the Sulfate-Reducing Anaerobe Desulfovibrio desulfuricans , 1989, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[4]  K. Miller Reductive Desulfurization of Dibenzyldisulfide , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[5]  M. Reinhard,et al.  Anaerobic degradation of toluene and xylene by aquifer microorganisms under sulfate-reducing conditions , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[6]  J. Suflita,et al.  Anaerobic degradation of m-cresol in anoxic aquifer slurries: carboxylation reactions in a sulfate-reducing bacterial enrichment , 1991, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[7]  E. Edwards,et al.  Complete mineralization of benzene by aquifer microorganisms under strictly anaerobic conditions , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[8]  J. Bollag,et al.  Influence of soil inoculum and redox potential on the degradation of several pyridine derivatives , 1992 .

[9]  B. Fathepure,et al.  Anaerobic bacteria that dechlorinate perchloroethene , 1987, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[10]  R. Cord-Ruwisch,et al.  Isolation and characterization of an anaerobic benzoate-degrading spore-forming sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfotomaculum sapomandens sp. nov. , 1985 .

[11]  T. Yagi,et al.  DECOMPOSITION OF SOME ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN PETROLEUM BY ANAEROBIC BACTERIA , 1971 .

[12]  J. Bollag,et al.  Transformation of 3- and 4-Picoline under Sulfate-Reducing Conditions , 1993, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[13]  B. Genthner,et al.  Anaerobic Degradation of Chloroaromatic Compounds in Aquatic Sediments under a Variety of Enrichment Conditions , 1989, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[14]  E. Stackebrandt,et al.  Desulfotomaculum australicum, sp. nov., a Thermophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Isolated from the Great Artesian Basin of Australia , 1993 .

[15]  H. Sahm,et al.  Growth of a Strictly Anaerobic Bacterium on Furfural (2-Furaldehyde) , 1983, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[16]  E. Bouwer,et al.  Effects of electron acceptors on halogenated organic compound biotransformations in a biofilm column , 1991 .

[17]  L. Young,et al.  Influence of alternative electron acceptors on the anaerobic biodegradability of chlorinated phenols and benzoic acids , 1993, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[18]  J. Suflita,et al.  Reductive Dechlorination of the Nitrogen Heterocyclic Herbicide Picloram , 1993, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[19]  P. J. Colberg Role of sulfate in microbial transformations of environmental contaminants: Chlorinated aromatic compounds , 1990 .

[20]  J. Tiedje,et al.  Microbial reductive dehalogenation. , 1992, Microbiological reviews.

[21]  J. Suflita,et al.  Anaerobic Biodegradation of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Samples from a Methanogenic Aquifer: Stimulation by Short-Chain Organic Acids and Alcohols , 1990, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[22]  Lily Y. Young,et al.  Microbial transformation and degradation of toxic organic chemicals , 1995 .

[23]  J. Tiedje,et al.  Establishment of polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading enrichment culture with predominantly meta dechlorination , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[24]  R. Gälli,et al.  Biotransformation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloromethane, and tetrachloromethane by a Clostridium sp , 1989, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[25]  J. Suflita,et al.  Extrapolation of biodegradation results to groundwater aquifers: reductive dehalogenation of aromatic compounds , 1986, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[26]  R. Crawford,et al.  Initial-phase optimization for bioremediation of munition compound-contaminated soils , 1993, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[27]  Martin Reinhard,et al.  Degradation of toluene and p‐xylene in anaerobic microcosms: Evidence for sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor , 1991 .

[28]  W. Evans Biochemistry of the bacterial catabolism of aromatic compounds in anaerobic environments , 1977, Nature.

[29]  L. Young,et al.  Influence of Alternate Electron Acceptors on the Metabolic Fate of Hydroxybenzoate Isomers in Anoxic Aquifer Slurries , 1989, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[30]  E. Stackebrandt,et al.  Desulfovibrio furfuralis sp. nov., a Furfural Degrading Strictly Anaerobic Bacterium , 1989 .

[31]  T. Vogel,et al.  Transformation of toluene and benzene by mixed methanogenic cultures , 1987, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[32]  M. Reinhard,et al.  Microbial degradation of toluene under sulfate-reducing conditions and the influence of iron on the process , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[33]  A. Zehnder,et al.  Complete biological reductive transformation of tetrachloroethene to ethane , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[34]  J. Bollag,et al.  Microbial metabolism of homocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds under anaerobic conditions. , 1987, Microbiological reviews.

[35]  Frances Z. Parsons,et al.  Biotransformation of trichloroethene in a variety of subsurface materials , 1987 .

[36]  D. Janssen,et al.  ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION , 1991 .

[37]  P L McCarty,et al.  ES Critical Reviews: Transformations of halogenated aliphatic compounds. , 1987, Environmental science & technology.

[38]  R. Boopathy,et al.  Nitroaromatic compounds serve as nitrogen source for Desulfovibrio sp. (B strain). , 1993, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[39]  D. Wise Bioprocessing and biotreatment of coal , 1990 .

[40]  J. Suflita,et al.  Biodegradation of cresol isomers in anoxic aquifers , 1987, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[41]  M. Remberger,et al.  Role of sulfate concentration in dechlorination of 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol by stable enrichment cultures grown with coumarin and flavanone glycones and aglycones , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[42]  H V Hendriksen,et al.  Introduction of a de novo bioremediation ability, aryl reductive dechlorination, into anaerobic granular sludge by inoculation of sludge with Desulfomonile tiedjei , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[43]  L. Young,et al.  Anaerobic degradation of halogenated phenols by sulfate-reducing consortia , 1995, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[44]  J. Wiegel,et al.  Environmental factors correlated to dichlorophenol dechlorination in anoxic freshwater sediments , 1991 .

[45]  J. Suflita,et al.  Anaerobic Aryl Reductive Dehalogenation of Halobenzoates by Cell Extracts of “Desulfomonile tiedjei” , 1990, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[46]  R. Thauer,et al.  Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated C1-hydrocarbons mediated by corrinoids , 1989 .

[47]  B. Schink,et al.  Anaerobic aniline degradation via reductive deamination of 4-aminobenzoyl-CoA in Desulfobacterium anilini , 1991, Archives of Microbiology.

[48]  J. Suflita,et al.  Anaerobic biodegradation of nitrogen-substituted and sulfonated benzene aquifer contaminants , 1989 .

[49]  J. Suflita,et al.  Microbial degradation of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur heterocyclic compounds under anaerobic conditions: Studies with aquifer samples , 1989 .

[50]  J. Tiedje,et al.  Isolation and Partial Characterization of Bacteria in an Anaerobic Consortium That Mineralizes 3-Chlorobenzoic Acid , 1984, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[51]  Timothy M. Vogel,et al.  Incorporation of Oxygen from Water into Toluene and Benzene during Anaerobic Fermentative Transformation , 1986, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[52]  J. Robinson,et al.  The bacteriology of anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds. , 1984, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[53]  B. K. Harrison,et al.  GIBBS FREE-ENERGY OF FORMATION OF HALOGENATED AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS AND THEIR POTENTIAL ROLE AS ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS IN ANAEROBIC ENVIRONMENTS , 1992 .

[54]  W. Evans,et al.  The methanogenic biodegradation of catechol by a microbial consortium: evidence for the production of phenol through cis-benzenediol. , 1980, Biochemical Society transactions.

[55]  T. Kulp,et al.  Anaerobic microbial degradation of acridine and the application of remote fiber spectroscopy to monitor the transformation process , 1990 .

[56]  J. Gossett,et al.  Tetrachloroethene transformation to trichloroethene and cis-1,2-dichloroethene by sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures , 1990, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[57]  L. Daniels,et al.  Production of Ethane, Ethylene, and Acetylene from Halogenated Hydrocarbons by Methanogenic Bacteria , 1987, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[58]  L. Young,et al.  Methanogenic degradation of four phenolic compounds , 1985 .

[59]  G. King Dehalogenation in marine sediments containing natural sources of halophenols , 1988, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[60]  J. Wiegel,et al.  Anaerobic dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol in freshwater sediments in the presence of sulfate , 1989, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[61]  T. Leisinger,et al.  Anaerobic dechlorination of tetrachloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane to degradable products by pure cultures of Desulfobacterium sp. and Methanobacterium sp. , 1987 .

[62]  G. Winkelmann Microbial Degradation of Natural Products , 1992 .

[63]  W. Mohn,et al.  Reductive dehalogenation of chlorophenols by Desulfomonile tiedjei DCB-1 , 1992, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[64]  U. Szewzyk,et al.  Methanogenic degradation of hydroquinone and catechol via reductive dehydroxylation to phenol , 1985 .

[65]  T. Madsen,et al.  Effects of Sulfuroxy Anions on Degradation of Pentachlorophenol by a Methanogenic Enrichment Culture , 1991, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[66]  F. Widdel,et al.  Gram-Negative Mesophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria , 1992 .

[67]  W. Ludwig,et al.  Complete oxidation of toluene under strictly anoxic conditions by a new sulfate-reducing bacterium , 1993, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[68]  A. Zehnder Biology of anaerobic microorganisms , 1988 .

[69]  L. Wackett,et al.  Reductive dechlorination catalyzed by bacterial transition-metal coenzymes , 1991 .

[70]  W. Evans,et al.  Anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds. , 1988, Annual review of microbiology.

[71]  P L McCarty,et al.  Transformations of 1- and 2-carbon halogenated aliphatic organic compounds under methanogenic conditions , 1983, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[72]  S. Hrudey,et al.  CO2 Incorporation and 4-Hydroxy-2-Methylbenzoic Acid Formation during Anaerobic Metabolism of m-Cresol by a Methanogenic Consortium , 1990, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[73]  J. Suflita,et al.  Effect of Sulfate and Organic Carbon Supplements on Reductive Dehalogenation of Chloroanilines in Anaerobic Aquifer Slurries , 1990, Applied and environmental microbiology.