Statistical Tolerance Analysis of 3D-Printed Non-Assembly Mechanisms in Motion Using Empirical Predictive Models

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) enables the fabrication of entire non-assembly mechanisms within a single process step, making previously required assembly steps dispensable. Besides the advantages of FDM, the manufacturing of these mechanisms implies some shortcomings such as comparatively large joint clearances and geometric deviations depending on machine-specific process parameters. The current state-of-the-art concerning statistical tolerance analysis lacks in providing suitable methods for the consideration of these shortcomings, especially for 3D-printed mechanisms. Therefore, this contribution presents a novel methodology for ensuring the functionality of fully functional non-assembly mechanisms in motion by means of a statistical tolerance analysis considering geometric deviations and joint clearance. The process parameters and hence the geometric deviations are considered in terms of empirical predictive models using machine learning (ML) algorithms, which are implemented in the tolerance analysis for an early estimation of tolerances and resulting joint clearances. Missing information concerning the motion behaviour of the clearance affected joints are derived by a multi-body-simulation (MBS). The exemplarily application of the methodology to a planar 8-bar mechanism shows its applicability and benefits. The presented methodology allows evaluation of the design and the chosen process parameters of 3D-printed non-assembly mechanisms through a process-oriented tolerance analysis to fully exploit the potential of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in this field along with its ambition: ‘Print first time right’.

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