Observation et commande de la machine asynchrone

Le travail de recherche effectu'e dans cette these a ete principalement consacre aux problemes d'observation et de commande des moteurs asynchrones sans capteurs mecaniques. Deux contributions principale ont ete faites en exploitant judicieusement le concept de grand gain. La premiere contribution est un observateur du type grand gain qui permet de realiser une estimation relativement pr'ecise des variables d'etat mecaniques et magnetiques des moteurs asynchrones a partir des mesures disponibles des courants et tensions statoriques. Le gain d'observation a ete judicieusement modifie pour des considerations de faisabilite des calculs lorsque le moteur est amene a fonctionner dans des conditions incompatibles avec sa condition d'observabilite. Cet observateur a ete particulierement utilise pour concevoir un asservissement des moteurs asynchrones sans capteur mecaniques a partir d'un systeme de commande avec retour d'etat du type grand gain. La seconde contribution est une synthese d'observateurs adaptatifs du type grand gain qui permettent d'estimer conjointement les variables d'etat et un ensemble de combinaisons des parametres d'un moteur asynchrone a partir des mesures des courants et tentions statoriques avec et sans mesure de la vitesse mecanique. Un observateur adaptatif a ete particulierement combine avec un systeme de commande avec retour d'etat du type grand gain pour concevoir un systeme de commande adaptative permettant de preserver les performances requises en asservissement des moteurs asynchrones sans capteurs magnetiques en depit d'une meconnaissance de leurs parametres.

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