Improved realism and improved utility of driving simulators: are they mutually exclusive?

This paper traces some of the developments in driving simulators since the 1960's. A distinction is drawn between degree of simulation and fidelity of simulation and poses questions about the future direction of technological development. The notion of essential realism was introduced in the 1970s in aviation simulation, but many of the lessons learned in that domain seem to be overlooked in driving simulation development. As the current push for improved face validity of driving performance parameters and the apparent realism of visual databases continues, it is possible to lose sight of the purpose of simulation within the training environment. This paper draws attention to the need to develop visual databases and road traffic scenarios that are derived from an analysis of training needs, not from the starting point of recreation of real world scenes. Examples of alternative approaches are given, and the implications discussed within the context of the current EC Directive on training.