Orchestrating secure workflows for cloud and grid services

The modern design of business and scientific IT landscapes is based upon service-oriented architectures. In doing so, small functional units are encapsulated as services accessible via standardized interfaces. Grid and Cloud computing both employ such services: Grid computing provides access to mostly scientifically used compute resources and data. Cloud computing is a commercially-driven, recently emerging technology that offers services to access compute power, platforms, and software solutions. Nowadays, workflows are the preferred means for the combination of services into added value service chains representing functional business processes or complex scientific experiments. However, the advantages of integrating services from all three domains (business, science, and Cloud computing) into one workflow is not exploited sufficiently. The integration of external services within workflows raises various challenges. This thesis presents a novel architecture for a workflow engine that is capable of integrating services from all three domains. It starts with an analysis of workflow life cycles and infers requirements from these. Additionally, it considers the idea of providing a Cloud service for workflow orchestration. This service offers effective means to deploy and execute workflows completely on external resources. Simultaneously, it allows elasticity and fair billing models in the context of Cloud computing. The resulting architecture is based on standards without creating a new proprietary workflow description language dialect in order to increase acceptance and sustainability. It especially targets security and communication barriers, which originate from the diversity of service providers as well as handling stateful services with default WS-BPEL activities. The architecture is evaluated with respect to its requirements and in two exemplary reallife business scenarios. Furthermore, the thesis illustrates the general applicability, with some limitations, to scientific workflows with the help of example workflows for typical scientific tasks. Finally, it analyses the performance of the new components.

[1]  Tao Yu,et al.  Service Selection Algorithms for Composing Complex Services with Multiple QoS Constraints , 2005, ICSOC.

[2]  Bernd Freisleben,et al.  On-Demand Resource Provisioning for BPEL Workflows Using Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud , 2009, 2009 9th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid.

[3]  Aleksander Slomiski,et al.  On using BPEL extensibility to implement OGSI and WSRF Grid workflows: Research Articles , 2006 .

[4]  Matjaz B. Juric,et al.  Business Process Execution Language for Web Services BPEL and BPEL4WS 2nd Edition , 2006 .

[5]  Roland Kübert,et al.  A SOAP performance comparison of different WSRF implementations , 2009, MEDES.

[6]  Donald F. Ferguson,et al.  Web Services Addressing (WS- Addressing) , 2004 .

[7]  Suzanne Rivard,et al.  A framework for information technology outsourcing risk management , 2005, DATB.

[8]  Von Welch.  Globus toolkit version 4 grid security infras-tructur: A standards perspective , 2004 .

[9]  Frank Leymann,et al.  Choreography for the Grid: towards fitting BPEL to the resource framework: Research Articles , 2006 .

[10]  Francis G. McCabe,et al.  Reference Model for Service Oriented Architecture 1.0 , 2006 .

[11]  Onyeka Ezenwoye,et al.  Orchestrating WSRF-based Grid Services , 2007 .

[12]  Massimo Mecella,et al.  A Repository of Workflow Components for Cooperative e-Applications , 2001, SEBD.

[13]  Wilhelm Hasselbring,et al.  Workflow Service Extensions for UNICORE 6 - Utilising a Standard WS-BPEL Engine for Grid Service Orchestration , 2009, Euro-Par Workshops.

[14]  Mache Creeger,et al.  CTO Roundtable , 2009, Commun. ACM.

[15]  Vijayan Sugumaran,et al.  Challenges for Deploying Web Services-Based E-Business Systems in SMEs , 2006, Int. J. E Bus. Res..

[16]  Quan Z. Sheng,et al.  Facilitating the Rapid Development and Scalable Orchestration of Composite Web Services , 2004, Distributed and Parallel Databases.

[17]  Rajkumar Buyya,et al.  A novel architecture for realizing grid workflow using tuple spaces , 2004, Fifth IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Grid Computing.

[18]  Dennis Gannon,et al.  Scientific versus Business Workflows , 2007, Workflows for e-Science, Scientific Workflows for Grids.

[19]  Daniel S. Katz,et al.  Pegasus: A framework for mapping complex scientific workflows onto distributed systems , 2005, Sci. Program..

[20]  Shijun Liu,et al.  Grid-Enabled Workflow Management System Based On BPEL , 2008, Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl..

[21]  Jeffrey G. Gray,et al.  Grid-Flow: a Grid-enabled scientific workflow system with a Petri-net-based interface: Research Articles , 2006 .

[22]  John Galletly,et al.  XPDL: bringing business and software together - a case study , 2009, CompSysTech '09.

[23]  Wilhelm Hasselbring,et al.  A Software Architecture for Grid Utilisation in Business Workflows , 2008, Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik.

[24]  Rajkumar Buyya,et al.  Cloudbus Toolkit for Market-Oriented Cloud Computing , 2009, CloudCom.

[25]  Miron Livny,et al.  Condor and the Grid , 2003 .

[26]  Frank Leymann,et al.  The Missing Features of Workflow Systems for Scientific Computations , 2010, Software Engineering.

[27]  David Banks,et al.  Toward Cloud-based Collaboration Services , 2009, HotCloud.

[28]  Natawut Nupairoj,et al.  The BPEL orchestrating framework for secured grid services , 2005, International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'05) - Volume II.

[29]  Sanjiva Weerawarana,et al.  Web Services Definition Language , 2001, Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining. 2nd Ed..

[30]  Liana L. Fong,et al.  BPEL4Job: A Fault-Handling Design for Job Flow Management , 2007, ICSOC.

[31]  Sergei Gorlatch,et al.  A Grid Workflow Language Using High-Level Petri Nets , 2005, PPAM.

[32]  O. Kao,et al.  BIS-Grid: Business Workflows for the Grid , 2007 .

[33]  Piotr Bala,et al.  Towards a Common Authorization Infrastructure for the Grid , 2009, Euro-Par Workshops.

[34]  Suresh Marru,et al.  Experience with adapting a WS-BPEL runtime for eScience workflows , 2009, GCE '09.

[35]  Kaizar Amin,et al.  GridAnt: a client-controllable grid workflow system , 2004, 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the.

[36]  Ian Taylor,et al.  Grid Enabling Applications Using Triana , 2003 .

[37]  Geoffrey C. Fox,et al.  Examining the Challenges of Scientific Workflows , 2007, Computer.

[38]  V. Welch,et al.  Attributes , Anonymity , and Access : Shibboleth and Globus Integration to Facilitate Grid Collaboration , 2005 .

[39]  Wilhelm Hasselbring,et al.  Employing WS-BPEL Design Patterns for Grid Service Orchestration using a Standard WS-BPEL Engine and a Grid Middleware , 2008 .

[40]  Ying Chen,et al.  An Improved Visual BPEL-Based Environment for Scientific Workflow , 2008, 2008 Seventh International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing.

[41]  André Brinkmann,et al.  An Orchestration as a Service Infrastructure Using Grid Technologies and WS-BPEL , 2009, ICSOC/ServiceWave.

[42]  Dennis Gannon,et al.  Performance comparison of security mechanisms for grid services , 2004, Fifth IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Grid Computing.

[43]  C. Peltz,et al.  Web Services Orchestration and Choreography , 2003, Computer.

[44]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Scientific Workflows: Business as Usual? , 2009, BPM.

[45]  Liang Chen,et al.  Grid Service Orchestration Using the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) , 2005, Journal of Grid Computing.

[46]  Aleksander Slominski.  Adapting BPEL to Scientific Workflows , 2007, Workflows for e-Science, Scientific Workflows for Grids.

[47]  Rajesh K. Thiagarajan,et al.  BPML : a process modeling language for dynamic business models , 2002, Proceedings Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Issues of E-Commerce and Web-Based Information Systems (WECWIS 2002).

[48]  Wim Vanderperren,et al.  Requirements for a Workflow System for Grid Service Composition , 2006, Business Process Management Workshops.

[49]  Chris Rose,et al.  A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud Definition , 2011 .

[50]  Matthew R. Pocock,et al.  Taverna: a tool for the composition and enactment of bioinformatics workflows , 2004, Bioinform..

[51]  Hausi A. Müller,et al.  On the business value and technical challenges of adopting Web services , 2004, J. Softw. Maintenance Res. Pract..

[52]  L. Youseff,et al.  Toward a Unified Ontology of Cloud Computing , 2008, 2008 Grid Computing Environments Workshop.

[53]  Francisco Curbera,et al.  Bite: Workflow Composition for the Web , 2007, ICSOC.

[54]  Gero Mühl,et al.  QoS aggregation in Web service compositions , 2005, 2005 IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service.

[55]  Ami Marowka,et al.  The GRID: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure , 2000, Parallel Distributed Comput. Pract..

[56]  Jean Jacques Moreau,et al.  SOAP Version 1. 2 Part 1: Messaging Framework , 2003 .

[57]  Rajkumar Buyya,et al.  Market-Oriented Cloud Computing: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities , 2008, 2008 10th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications.

[58]  André Höing,et al.  The BIS-Grid Engine: an Orchestration as a Service Infrastructure , 2009 .

[59]  Yaron Goland,et al.  Web Services Business Process Execution Language , 2009, Encyclopedia of Database Systems.

[60]  Phillip Hallam-Baker,et al.  Web services security: soap message security , 2003 .

[61]  Kenneth J. Turner,et al.  Orchestrating Grid Services using BPEL and Globus Toolkit 4 , 2006 .

[62]  Wil M.P. van der Aalst,et al.  YAWL: yet another workflow language , 2005, Inf. Syst..

[63]  Steven Tuecke,et al.  Grid Services for Distributed System , 2002 .

[64]  Steven J. DeRose,et al.  XML Path Language (XPath) , 1999 .

[65]  Irfan-Ullah Awan,et al.  Analysis of grid service composition with BPEL4WS , 2004, 18th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2004. AINA 2004..

[66]  Sharanya Eswaran,et al.  Adapting and Evaluating Commercial Workflow Engines for e-Science , 2006, 2006 Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing (e-Science'06).

[67]  Suk-Ho Kang,et al.  Standards-based approaches to B2B workflow integration , 2006, Comput. Ind. Eng..

[68]  G. Bruce Berriman,et al.  On the Use of Cloud Computing for Scientific Workflows , 2008, 2008 IEEE Fourth International Conference on eScience.

[69]  Jim Basney,et al.  Identity Federation and Attribute-based Authorization through the Globus Toolkit, Shibboleth, Grid , 2006 .

[70]  Massimo Mecella,et al.  Modeling E -service Orchestration through Petri Nets , 2002, TES.

[71]  Steve Vinoski.  Java Business Integration , 2005, IEEE Internet Comput..

[72]  David Meredith,et al.  Evaluation of BPEL to Scientific Workflows , 2006, Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGRID'06).

[73]  Thomas Friese,et al.  Grid Workflow Modelling Using Grid-Specific BPEL Extensions , 2007 .

[74]  Steven Tuecke,et al.  The Physiology of the Grid An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration , 2002 .

[75]  Wilhelm Hasselbring,et al.  Using UNICORE and WS-BPEL for Scientific Workflow Execution in Grid Environments , 2009, Euro-Par Workshops.

[76]  Edward A. Lee,et al.  Scientific workflow management and the Kepler system , 2006, Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp..

[77]  Matjaz B. Juric,et al.  SOA Approach to Integration: XML, Web services, ESB, and BPEL in real-world SOA projects , 2007 .

[78]  Ivan Janciak,et al.  Workflow enactment engine for WSRF-compliant services orchestration , 2008, 2008 9th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing.

[79]  Asir S Vedamuthu,et al.  Web Services Policy 1.5 - Framework , 2007 .

[80]  Andrea Leganza.  Approved for External Publication , 2005 .

[81]  Gregor von Laszewski,et al.  GSFL: A Workflow Framework for Grid Services , 2002 .

[82]  Lavanya Ramakrishnan,et al.  VGrADS: enabling e-Science workflows on grids and clouds with fault tolerance , 2009, Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Computing Networking, Storage and Analysis.

[83]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing , 2009 .

[84]  Bernd Freisleben,et al.  Fault-Tolerant BPEL Workflow Execution via Cloud-Aware Recovery Policies , 2009, 2009 35th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications.

[85]  J. Tukey,et al.  Variations of Box Plots , 1978 .

[86]  Wilhelm Hasselbring,et al.  Workflow Modeling for WS-BPEL-based Service Orchestration in SMEs , 2010, Software Engineering.

[87]  Rainer Berbner,et al.  Dienstgüteunterstützung für Service-orientierte Workflows , 2007 .

[88]  Ian T. Foster,et al.  The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations , 2001, Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl..