2D and 3D printing of biomolecules employing femtosecond lasers

We demonstrate two- and three-dimensional patterning of biological molecules. For the two-dimensional patterning we employ Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of materials in solution. For the three-dimensional patterning we employ femtosecond-laser induced three-photon polymerization, a technique which enables the construction of arbitrary 2D and 3D structures of submicron resolution. Biotin is subsequently attached to the 3D structures via UV-activated crosslinking. The integrity of the photolytically immobilized biotin is confirmed by detecting the binding of fluorescently labeled avidin via fluorescence microscopy.