A brief review on techniques for recognizing images under varying poses

Face recognition has achieved immense popularity in various fields because of its robustness and accuracy. But pose variation is still a major obstacle to overcome for effective face recognition in an uncontrolled environment. A wide variety of face recognition algorithms have been proposed in the past. In this paper we exhibit a review of some of the common algorithms that expect to conquer on the fundamental impediments in face recognition, i.e, pose variation. An outline of the recognized systems in each of this classification is given and some of the advantages and disadvantages of the algorithms specified in that are inspected. The key contribution of this paper is that we have analyzed the latest state of art techniques in Karhunen-Loeve expansion and Model based methods. From this analysis, we have found that Karhunen-Loeve expansion and Model based methods are giving best results for FERET database giving 95% and CMU-PIE database giving 98.8% recognition rate respectively. We have also tabulated the results and observations of the algorithms mentioned on being tested on some of the renowned and universal databases. Furthermore, an overview of the benefits of face recognition systems and its applications in the real world has also been discussed in this paper.

[1]  Rama Chellappa,et al.  Discriminant Analysis for Recognition of Human Face Images (Invited Paper) , 1997, AVBPA.

[2]  Hyeonjoon Moon,et al.  The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[3]  Michele Nappi,et al.  Robust Face Recognition for Uncontrolled Pose and Illumination Changes , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems.

[4]  Steven Lawrence Fernandes,et al.  Recognizing Faces When Images Are Corrupted by Varying Degree of Noises and Blurring Effects , 2015 .

[5]  David J. Kriegman,et al.  Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection , 1996, ECCV.

[6]  Azriel Rosenfeld,et al.  Face recognition: A literature survey , 2003, CSUR.

[7]  Jongmoo Choi,et al.  Identifying Noncooperative Subjects at a Distance Using Face Images and Inferred Three-Dimensional Face Models , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[8]  Aleix M. Martínez,et al.  Recognizing Imprecisely Localized, Partially Occluded, and Expression Variant Faces from a Single Sample per Class , 2002, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[9]  Terence Sim,et al.  The CMU Pose, Illumination, and Expression (PIE) database , 2002, Proceedings of Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face Gesture Recognition.

[10]  Klaus J. Kirchberg,et al.  Robust Face Detection Using the Hausdorff Distance , 2001, AVBPA.

[11]  V. Vijayakumari,et al.  Face Recognition Techniques: A Survey , 2013, International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering.

[12]  Mohan M. Trivedi,et al.  Head Pose Estimation in Computer Vision: A Survey , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[13]  P. Nagabhushan,et al.  A Comparative Study on Score Level Fusion Techniques and MACE Gabor Filters for Face Recognition in the Presence of Noises and Blurring Effects , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Cloud & Ubiquitous Computing & Emerging Technologies.

[14]  G. Josemin Bala,et al.  A comparative study on ICA and LPP based Face Recognition under varying illuminations and facial expressions , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Signal Processing , Image Processing & Pattern Recognition.

[15]  Steven Lawrence Fernandes,et al.  Low Power Affordable and Efficient Face Detection in the Presence of Various Noises and Blurring Effects on a Single-Board Computer , 2015 .

[16]  M. Turk,et al.  Eigenfaces for Recognition , 1991, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[17]  P. Nagabhushan,et al.  Robust Face Recognition in the Presence of Noises and Blurring Effects by Fusing Appearance Based Techniques and Sparse Representation , 2013, 2013 2nd International Conference on Advanced Computing, Networking and Security.

[18]  Steven Lawrence Fernandes and G. Josemin Bala 3D and 4D Face Recognition: A Comprehensive Review , 2014 .

[19]  Steven Lawrence Fernandes and G. Josemin Bala Development and Analysis of Various State of the Art Techniques for Face Recognition Under Varying Poses , 2014 .

[20]  Himanshu S. Bhatt,et al.  On Recognizing Faces in Videos Using Clustering-Based Re-Ranking and Fusion , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[21]  Rama Chellappa,et al.  Robust Face Recognition From Multi-View Videos , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[22]  Steven Lawrence Fernandes,et al.  Recognizing facial images using ICA, LPP, MACE Gabor Filters, Score Level Fusion Techniques , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems (ICECS).

[23]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Handbook of Face Recognition, 2nd Edition , 2011 .

[24]  Marwan Mattar,et al.  Labeled Faces in the Wild: A Database forStudying Face Recognition in Unconstrained Environments , 2008 .

[25]  Steven Lawrence Fernandes,et al.  Recognizing facial images using Gabor Wavelets, DCT-Neural Network, Hybrid Spatial Feature Interdependence Matrix , 2014, 2014 2nd International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS).

[26]  Bruce A. Draper,et al.  Overview of the Multiple Biometrics Grand Challenge , 2009, ICB.

[27]  Rama Chellappa,et al.  Pose-Invariant Face Recognition Using Markov Random Fields , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.