3.3 Microwave Remote Sensing and Surface Characterization

The scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them have benefited tremendously from the rapid progress in remote sensing and computer technologies. Microwave sensors have the ability to inform geomorphological studies at length scales that range from planetary scales of thousands of kilometers to micro-topography of surfaces at the centimeter scale. This tremendous range of applicability of microwave sensors is a result of the variety of sensor types and the large frequency range over which these sensors operate. Microwave sensors, operating from both airborne and space-borne platforms, have had a profound influence on our understanding of landforms and the processes that shaped them. In addition to their standalone intrinsic value to geomorphological studies, these sensors can be combined synergistically with other sensor data (e.g., light detection and ranging (LiDAR), optical, or hyperspectral data). This chapter focuses on the basic theory of sensor operation and selected applications in geomorphology.

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