Random time source protocol in wireless sensor networks and synchronization in industrial environments

Reliability is a crucial aspect of time synchronization for industrial wireless applications in wireless sensor networks. Existing time synchronization algorithms often provide good synchronization in laboratory environments; however, outdoor environments with associated radio interference influence the performance of time synchronization. In this paper, we propose a random time source protocol for industrial wireless applications in wireless sensor network synchronization. Each synchronized node randomly selects its time source for each period in order to prevent reliance on a fixed time source because this may lead to resynchronization once the source fails. We have implemented the algorithm on the SIA2420 platform using TinyOS, and the results show the reliability of our protocol.c

[1]  Amit Kumar Saha,et al.  Adaptive clock synchronization in sensor networks , 2004, Third International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2004. IPSN 2004.

[2]  Xinrong Li.  Collaborative multi-sensor tracking in mobile wireless sensor networks , 2010, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[3]  Yang Xiao,et al.  Time Synchronization in Sensor Networks and Underwater Sensor Networks , 2010 .

[4]  Saurabh Ganeriwal,et al.  Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[5]  J. Elson,et al.  Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts , 2002, OSDI '02.

[6]  Yang Xiao,et al.  Vertical and horizontal synchronization services with outlier detection in underwater acoustic networks , 2008 .

[7]  Cheng Li,et al.  Adaptive Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks with Self-Calibration , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[8]  Mohsen Guizani,et al.  Secure and Efficient Time Synchronization in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[9]  Sergey N. Vecherin,et al.  Optimal sensor placement with signal propagation effects and inhomogeneous coverage preferences , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[10]  Marco Zennaro,et al.  Design of a flexible and robust gateway to collect sensor data in intermittent power environments , 2010, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[11]  Wei Zhu.  TDMA frame synchronization of mobile stations using a radio clock signal for short range communications , 1994, Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC).

[12]  Mohsen Guizani,et al.  A Secure Time Synchronization Scheme for Heterogeneous Sensor Networks , 2007, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[13]  King-Shan Lui,et al.  On perimeter coverage in wireless sensor networks with minimum cost , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[14]  Richard Han,et al.  TSync: a lightweight bidirectional time synchronization service for wireless sensor networks , 2004, MOCO.

[15]  Xi Chen,et al.  A Routing Based Time Synchronization Protocol for Multi-Hop Wireless Networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[16]  Kokichi Sugihara,et al.  Success guaranteed routing in almost Delaunay planar nets for wireless sensor communication , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[17]  Jingyuan Zhang,et al.  A Linear Time Synchronization Algorithm for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[18]  Sunil Kumar,et al.  Vertical and horizontal synchronization services with outlier detection in underwater acoustic networks , 2008, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[19]  Thomas Kaiser,et al.  Cognitive radio & networks in the perspective of industrial wireless communications , 2009, 2009 Second International Workshop on Cognitive Radio and Advanced Spectrum Management.

[20]  David E. Culler,et al.  Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[21]  Jingyuan Zhang,et al.  Effect of Channel Errors on Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[22]  Qun Li,et al.  Global Clock Synchronization in Sensor Networks , 2006, IEEE Trans. Computers.

[23]  Roger Wattenhofer,et al.  Gradient clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks.

[24]  Soh-Khim Ong,et al.  Development of a shoe-mounted assistive user interface for navigation , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[25]  Hong Li,et al.  An efficient synchronisation protocol for wireless sensor network , 2007, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[26]  Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues,et al.  User-centric data gathering multi-channel system for IPv6-enabled wireless sensor networks , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[27]  Mihail L. Sichitiu,et al.  Simple, accurate time synchronization for wireless sensor networks , 2003, 2003 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking, 2003. WCNC 2003..

[28]  C. Hölscher.  Editorial , 2014, Alzheimer's & Dementia.

[29]  Sung Y. Shin,et al.  Improved PSOR algorithm for minimum power multicast tree problem in wireless ad hoc networks , 2010, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[30]  Guiling Wang,et al.  Diffusion-based approach to deploying wireless sensor networks , 2010, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[31]  Zhi Bin Wang,et al.  A survey of time synchronization of wireless sensor networks , 2007 .

[32]  H. T. Kung,et al.  A Spectral Clustering Approach to Validating Sensors via Their Peers in Distributed Sensor Networks , 2009, ICCCN.

[33]  Farouk Kamoun,et al.  Real-time quality of service with delay guarantee in sensor networks , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[34]  Claude Castelluccia,et al.  Towards clock skew based services in wireless sensor networks , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[35]  Deying Li,et al.  Efficient algorithm for maximum lifetime many-to-one data aggregation in wireless sensor networks , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[36]  Francesco Archetti,et al.  IKNOS: inference and knowledge in networks of sensors , 2010, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[37]  Gyula Simon,et al.  The flooding time synchronization protocol , 2004, SenSys '04.

[38]  Jan M. Rabaey,et al.  Lightweight time synchronization for sensor networks , 2003, WSNA '03.

[39]  Arunita Jaekel,et al.  Relay node placement with energy and buffer constraints in wireless sensor networks using mobile data collector , 2010, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[40]  Yang Xiao,et al.  Correlation-Based Security in Time Synchronization of Sensor Networks , 2008, 2008 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[41]  Haibin Yu,et al.  Error compensation algorithm in wireless sensor networks synchronisation , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[42]  Michael Scott,et al.  Securing wireless sensor networks: an identity-based cryptography approach , 2010, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[43]  Chun-Shien Lu,et al.  An application-driven attack probability-based deterministic pairwise key pre-distribution scheme for non-uniformly deployed sensor networks , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[44]  Meng Zhang,et al.  An Improved Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol for Industrial Wireless Networks , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems.

[45]  Hamdy S. Soliman,et al.  Efficient geographic routeless routing protocols with enhanced location update mechanism , 2010, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[46]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Time-diffusion synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2005, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[47]  Jingyuan Zhang,et al.  A bio-inspired time synchronization algorithm for wireless sensor networks , 2010, 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology.

[48]  Deokjai Choi,et al.  Implementation of Pastry-based P2P system to share sensor data , 2010, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[49]  Jorge M. Soares,et al.  Practical issues in the development of a minimalistic power management solution for WSNs , 2010, Int. J. Sens. Networks.

[50]  Wei Chen,et al.  Sensor integration for perinatology research , 2011, Int. J. Sens. Networks.