Inclusion body disease in two captive boas in the Canary Islands
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as Streptococcus species, Actinomyces species, coliforms, and Pasteurella multocida contribute to the normal oral microflora (Hirsh 1990, Jang and Hirsh 1994). F necrophorum is an obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative pleomorphic bacterium with pathogenic factors such as leucocidins, haemolysins, and a cytoplasmic toxin (Langworth 1977, Hirsh 1990). Two pathogenic subspecies of F necrophorum have been described: F necrophorum subspecies necrophorum (also called biovar A) and F necrophorum subspeciesfundiliforme (also called biovar B) (Ramos-Vara and others 1997). Attempts to further speciate the F necrophorum isolates in these pigs were not carried out. Although F necrophorum is considered the major cause of the necrotising lesions reported here, the bacterium is usually a secondary invader following mucosal damage (Barker and others 1992). In cattle, oral necrobacillosis follows mucosal damage associated with trauma, viral infections or erupting teeth (Barker and others 1992). In nursing and weaned pigs trauma inflicted by incorrect cutting of the needle teeth, fighting wounds or other traumatic injuries
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