Plasma carbonyls do not correlate with lung function or computed tomography measures of lung density in older smokers

Abstract Oxidative stress and inflammation are hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A critical byproduct of oxidative damage is the introduction of carbonyl groups into amino acid residues. We hypothesize that plasma carbonyl content is inversely correlated with lung function and computed tomography (CT) measures of lung density among smokers and is elevated in COPD. Carbonyl was measured in plasma of participants aged 60 years and older by ELISA. Generalized linear and additive models were used to adjust for potential confounders. Among 541 participants (52% male, mean age 67 years, 41% current smokers), mean plasma carbonyl content was 17.9±2.9 nmol ml−1 and mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 80.7±20.9% of predicted. Plasma carbonyl content was inversely associated with FEV1, but this relationship was largely explained by age. Multivariate analyses ruled out clinically meaningful associations of plasma carbonyl content with FEV1, FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio, severity of airflow obstruction, and CT lung density. Plasma carbonyl content is a poor biomarker of oxidative stress in COPD and emphysema.

[1]  Kimberly J. Stemple,et al.  Reproducibility and validity of a handheld spirometer. , 2008, Respiratory care.

[2]  J. Austin,et al.  No effect of cigarette smoking dose on oxidized plasma proteins. , 2008, Environmental research.

[3]  A. Sobczak,et al.  Estimation of urinary cotinine cut-off points distinguishing non-smokers, passive and active smokers , 2007, Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals.

[4]  Bulbul Chakravarti,et al.  Oxidative Modification of Proteins: Age-Related Changes , 2006, Gerontology.

[5]  O. Miettinen,et al.  Survival of Patients with Stage I Lung Cancer Detected on CT Screening , 2008 .

[6]  Geoffrey McLennan,et al.  State of the Art. A structural and functional assessment of the lung via multidetector-row computed tomography: phenotyping chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2006, Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society.

[7]  A. Nadeem,et al.  Increased Oxidative Stress and Altered Levels of Antioxidants in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease , 2005, Inflammation.

[8]  P. Barnes.  Mediators of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease , 2004, Pharmacological Reviews.

[9]  W. MacNee,et al.  Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper , 2004, European Respiratory Journal.

[10]  E. Stadtman,et al.  Free radical-mediated oxidation of free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins , 2003, Amino Acids.

[11]  W. Ahrens,et al.  Nitrated and oxidized plasma proteins in smokers and lung cancer patients. , 2001, Cancer research.

[12]  P. Cassano,et al.  Antioxidant nutrients and pulmonary function: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). , 2000, American journal of epidemiology.

[13]  W. MacNee,et al.  Lung glutathione and oxidative stress: implications in cigarette smoke-induced airway disease. , 1999, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology.

[14]  L. Packer,et al.  Comparison of the effect of α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol supplementation on measures of oxidative stress , 1999 .

[15]  B Suki,et al.  Complexity of terminal airspace geometry assessed by lung computed tomography in normal subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[16]  S. Devaraj,et al.  Measurement of protein carbonyls in plasma of smokers and in oxidized LDL by an ELISA. , 1999, Clinical chemistry.

[17]  J. Hall,et al.  8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA from leukocytes of healthy adults: relationship with cigarette smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, alcohol and coffee consumption. , 1999, Mutation research.

[18]  L. Packer,et al.  Comparison of the effect of alpha-lipoic acid and alpha-tocopherol supplementation on measures of oxidative stress. , 1999, Free radical biology & medicine.

[19]  S. K. Lee,et al.  Inhibition of oxidative DNA damage, 8-OHdG, and carbonyl contents in smokers treated with antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene and red ginseng). , 1998, Cancer letters.

[20]  J. R. Akins,et al.  Development and validation of sensitive method for determination of serum cotinine in smokers and nonsmokers by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry. , 1997, Clinical chemistry.

[21]  E. Stadtman,et al.  Protein Oxidation in Aging, Disease, and Oxidative Stress* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[22]  E. Stadtman,et al.  Reactive oxygen-mediated protein oxidation in aging and disease. , 1997, Chemical research in toxicology.

[23]  C. Winterbourn,et al.  Protein carbonyl measurement by a sensitive ELISA method. , 1997, Free radical biology & medicine.

[24]  Markus Voelter,et al.  State of the Art , 1997, Pediatric Research.

[25]  B. Halliwell.  Free radicals, proteins and DNA: oxidative damage versus redox regulation. , 1996, Biochemical Society transactions.

[26]  W. MacNee,et al.  Systemic oxidative stress in asthma, COPD, and smokers. , 1996, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[27]  M. Reilly,et al.  Modulation of oxidant stress in vivo in chronic cigarette smokers. , 1996, Circulation.

[28]  H. Itoh,et al.  Increase of a type of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxyguanine, and its repair activity in human leukocytes by cigarette smoking. , 1996, Cancer research.

[29]  G. Paolisso,et al.  Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Vascular Complications , 1996, Diabetes Care.

[30]  John L. Hankinson,et al.  Standardization of Spirometry, 1994 Update. American Thoracic Society. , 1995, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[31]  J. Morrow,et al.  Increase in circulating products of lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes) in smokers. Smoking as a cause of oxidative damage. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[32]  W. Pryor,et al.  Oxidants in Cigarette Smoke Radicals, Hydrogen Peroxide, Peroxynitrate, and Peroxynitrite a , 1993, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[33]  C. Cross,et al.  Modification of plasma proteins by cigarette smoke as measured by protein carbonyl formation. , 1992, The Biochemical journal.

[34]  J. Baynes.  Role of Oxidative Stress in Development of Complications in Diabetes , 1991, Diabetes.

[35]  J. Schwartz,et al.  Dietary factors and their relation to respiratory symptoms. The Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. , 1990, American journal of epidemiology.

[36]  M. Chung,et al.  Cigarette smoking induces formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, one of the oxidative DNA damages in human peripheral leukocytes. , 1990, Free radical research communications.

[37]  N. Müller,et al.  "Density mask". An objective method to quantitate emphysema using computed tomography. , 1988, Chest.

[38]  William A. Pryor,et al.  The Tar Radical ( s ) in Cigarette Smoke : ESR Studies , 2006 .

[39]  G. Snider,et al.  Distinguishing among asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. , 1985, Chest.