Multi-precursors assessment of earthquakes by geospatial and ground data

Earthquakes are dynamic phenomena that can be predicted by some geophysical and geochemical anomalies occurring in lithosphere, surfacesphere, atmosphere and ionosphere during preparation phase. These seismic LSAIC (Lithospheric- Surfacespheric-Atmospheric-Ionospheric Coupling) perturbations are widely considered as earthquake presignals. The most important earthquake precursors which can be detected from space are: a)temperature changes (detected through air and land surface temperature, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) as well as anomalies recorded by outgoing long-wave radiation and latent heat flux from TIR (Thermal InfraRed) spectral bands of time-series satellites MODIS Terra/Aqua , NOAA AVHRR, ASTER, Landsat TM/ETM data; b) ground surface deformations detected through Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) radar satellite (Sentinel 1) and high quality in-situ GPS monitoring data as well as from time series satellite data in optical range (VIS and IR) from Landsat TM/ETM/OLI, MODIS Terra/Aqua, IKONOS, and Quickbird etc. for geologic lineaments changes location; c) electric and magnetic fields anomalies developed weeks to hours- before the main shock (ionospheric TEC-Total Electron Content, solar and geomagnetic indices which can be detectable from SWARM, GOCE satellites, and in-situ monitoring radon, gamma rays, etc. This paper aims to present analysis of seismic multi-presignals detected through changes of geophysical and geochemical parameters from time-series geospatial and field data for some moderate earthquakes recorded in Vrancea seismic region in Romania. As Vrancea zone in Carpathians has a significant regional tectonic activity in Romania and Europe, the joint analysis of satellite and in-situ geophysical information is revealing new insights in the field of hazard assessment.

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