High Reliability and Informatics Tools: PKC Software in Primary Care

Growing concern about patient safety and healthcare quality has led some to borrow principles of reliability from industries with exceptional records of safety and reliability. Enhancing the quality of clinical decisions is fundamental to quality improvement. This paper argues that commitment to reliability enables the effective deployment of informatics tools that are, in turn, essential for elevating the reliability and quality of clinical decisions. To illustrate, it describes the use of "knowledge coupling" decision support tools in an innovative family practice committed to high reliability. The tools thoroughly define patients' complexity, couple this complexity with formal knowledge, and present a range of options available to guide decisions. This investigation shows how informatics tools embedded within a high reliability organization can enhance the reliability of the decision making process, and improve the quality of healthcare decisions.

[1]  Rahi Jain,et al.  Health justice: An argument from the capabilities approach , 2013 .

[2]  A. Tversky,et al.  Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases , 1974, Science.

[3]  Kevin B. Weiss,et al.  Managing Complexity in Chronic Care: An overview of the VA State-of-the-Art (SOTA) Conference , 2007, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[4]  L. Kohn,et al.  COMMITTEE ON QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE IN AMERICA , 2000 .

[5]  David L. Post,et al.  Medical Problem Solving: An Analysis of Clinical Reasoning , 1979 .

[6]  K. Langa,et al.  Clinical Complexity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Diabetes: The Health and Retirement Study , 2010, Medical care.

[7]  Elbert S. Huang,et al.  The Increasing Number of Clinical Items Addressed During the Time of Adult Primary Care Visits , 2008, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[8]  Elliott S Fisher,et al.  Discretionary decision making by primary care physicians and the cost of U.S. Health care. , 2008, Health affairs.

[9]  Lawrence L. Weed,et al.  Knowledge Coupling , 1991, Computers in Health Care.

[10]  P. Schulman,et al.  General attributes of safe organisations , 2004, Quality and Safety in Health Care.

[11]  Peter J Pronovost,et al.  Creating high reliability in health care organizations. , 2006, Health services research.

[12]  E. Salas,et al.  Promoting health care safety through training high reliability teams , 2005, Quality and Safety in Health Care.

[13]  Kathleen M Sutcliffe,et al.  High reliability organizations (HROs). , 2011, Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology.

[14]  S. Scholle,et al.  The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Practice Systems in Primary Care , 2011, The Journal of ambulatory care management.

[15]  Naresh Khatri,et al.  From a blame culture to a just culture in health care , 2009, Health care management review.

[16]  Richard I. Cook,et al.  Reliability versus Resilience: What Does Healthcare Need? , 2007 .

[17]  L. Shulman,et al.  Medical Problem Solving: An Analysis of Clinical Reasoning , 1978 .

[18]  Chenjie Xia,et al.  How Doctors Think , 2008, McGill Journal of Medicine : MJM.

[19]  B. Berg Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences , 1989 .

[20]  J. Wennberg,et al.  Dealing with medical practice variations: a proposal for action. , 1984, Health affairs.

[21]  A. Siegal,et al.  The Social Transformation of American Medicine: The Rise of a Sovereign Profession and the Making of a Vast Industry , 1987 .

[22]  Dan E. Beauchamp,et al.  The Social Transformation of American Medicine: The Rise of a Sovereign Profession and the Making of a Vast Industry , 1982 .

[23]  P. Davis,et al.  The "supply hypothesis" and medical practice variation in primary care: testing economic and clinical models of inter-practitioner variation. , 2000, Social science & medicine.

[24]  Robert Weaver A Knowledge Coupling Approach to Knowledge Translation: Implications for Decision Making and Patient Empowerment , 2010 .

[25]  C. Peek,et al.  Integrating Care for Persons, Not Only Diseases , 2009, Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings.

[26]  J. Reason Human error: models and management , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[27]  Robert R. Weaver,et al.  Resistance to computer innovation: knowledge coupling in clinical practice , 2002, CSOC.

[28]  Jeroan J. Allison,et al.  Patient Complexity: More Than Comorbidity. The Vector Model of Complexity , 2007, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[29]  L Leape,et al.  Transforming healthcare: a safety imperative , 2009, Quality and Safety in Health Care.

[30]  B. Starfield,et al.  Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. , 2005, The Milbank quarterly.

[31]  J. Kagan,et al.  Rational choice in an uncertain world , 1988 .

[32]  Per Carlson,et al.  The European health divide: a matter of financial or social capital? , 2004, Social science & medicine.

[33]  Karl E. Weick,et al.  Managing the unexpected: resilient performance in an age of uncertainty, second edition , 2007 .

[34]  D. Wennberg,et al.  Addressing variations: is there hope for the future? , 2003, Health affairs.

[35]  M. Friedberg,et al.  Primary care: a critical review of the evidence on quality and costs of health care. , 2010, Health affairs.

[36]  C S Burger,et al.  The use of problem knowledge couplers in a primary care practice. , 1997, Healthcare information management : journal of the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society of the American Hospital Association.

[37]  P. Maurette [To err is human: building a safer health system]. , 2002, Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation.