Mouse cathepsin D gene: molecular organization, characterization of the promoter, and chromosomal localization.

A cloned mouse genomic DNA fragment containing the gene encoding cathepsin D (Catd) encompasses 11 kb of genomic DNA and is composed of 9 exons. Using recombinant inbred strains, we localized the Catd gene on chromosome 4, tightly linked to the loci Mtv-13, Cyp4a, Ms15-1, and Pmv-19. The exon-intron organization of the Catd gene was shown to be very similar to that of its human counterpart. Presence of a CpG island, absence of a TATA box, and initiation of transcription at more than one site indicate that the Catd gene is a "housekeeping" gene. A 1.2-kb fragment containing the 5'-flanking region of the gene displayed promoter activity in BHK-21 cells. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of mouse and human cathepsin D promoter regions revealed conservation of three potential regulatory elements: an E box, a GC box and a potential cAMP-responsive element. In contrast to the 5' region of human cathepsin D, the murine gene contains three CCAAT boxes but lacks any of the four AP2 binding sites found in the human gene.

[1]  R. Shiu,et al.  Mechanism of estrogen activation of c-myc oncogene expression. , 1992, Oncogene.

[2]  H. Prydz,et al.  CpG islands as gene markers in the human genome. , 1992, Genomics.

[3]  K. Honke,et al.  Proteolytic processing of human lysosomal arylsulfatase A. , 1992, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[4]  T. Halazonetis,et al.  Determination of the c-MYC DNA-binding site. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  H. Grosch,et al.  Molecular organization of the human cathepsin D gene. , 1991, DNA and cell biology.

[6]  H. Weintraub,et al.  Sequence-specific DNA binding by the c-Myc protein. , 1990, Science.

[7]  H. Weintraub,et al.  Differences and similarities in DNA-binding preferences of MyoD and E2A protein complexes revealed by binding site selection. , 1990, Science.

[8]  A. F. Stewart,et al.  In vivo monitoring of a cAMP-stimulated DNA-binding activity. , 1990, Genes & development.

[9]  K. von Figura,et al.  Structure of the arylsulfatase A gene. , 1990, European journal of biochemistry.

[10]  M. J. Grusby,et al.  Molecular cloning of mouse cathepsin D , 1990, Nucleic Acids Res..

[11]  P. Bucher.  Weight matrix descriptions of four eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoter elements derived from 502 unrelated promoter sequences. , 1990, Journal of molecular biology.

[12]  T. Maudelonde,et al.  Cathepsin D assay in primary breast cancer and lymph nodes: relationship with c-myc, c-erb-B-2 and int-2 oncogene amplification and node invasiveness. , 1990, European journal of cancer.

[13]  A. Hasilik,et al.  Calcitriol enhances transcriptional activity of lysozyme and cathepsin D genes in U937 promonocytes. , 1989, The Biochemical journal.

[14]  A. V. D. Drift,et al.  The selectivity of cathepsin D suggests an involvement of the enzyme in the generation of T-cell epitopes. , 1989 .

[15]  A. Lajtha,et al.  Increase in cathepsin D activity in rat brain in aging , 1989, Journal of neuroscience research.

[16]  Peter J. Peters,et al.  Molecules relevant for T cell‐target cell interaction are present in cytolytic granules of human T lymphocytes , 1989, European journal of immunology.

[17]  J. Pike,et al.  Sequence elements in the human osteocalcin gene confer basal activation and inducible response to hormonal vitamin D3. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[18]  David Baltimore,et al.  A new DNA binding and dimerization motif in immunoglobulin enhancer binding, daughterless, MyoD, and myc proteins , 1989, Cell.

[19]  M. Beato.  Gene regulation by steroid hormones , 1989, Cell.

[20]  R. Roeder,et al.  Multiple sequence elements in the c-fos promoter mediate induction by cAMP. , 1989, Genes & development.

[21]  P. Sharp,et al.  Human CCAAT-binding proteins have heterologous subunits , 1988, Cell.

[22]  K. Abel,et al.  Close physical linkage of the murine Ren-1 and Ren-2 loci. , 1988, Nucleic acids research.

[23]  M. Mattei,et al.  Cloning and sequencing of the 52K cathepsin D complementary deoxyribonucleic acid of MCF7 breast cancer cells and mapping on chromosome 11. , 1988, Molecular endocrinology.

[24]  C. Benoist,et al.  A multiplicity of CCAAT box-binding proteins , 1987, Cell.

[25]  Sudhir V. Shah,et al.  The role of aspartic and cysteine proteinases in albumin degradation by rat kidney cortical lysosomes. , 1987, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[26]  B. Luckow,et al.  CAT constructions with multiple unique restriction sites for the functional analysis of eukaryotic promoters and regulatory elements , 1987, Nucleic Acids Res..

[27]  F. May,et al.  Oestrogen regulates cathepsin D mRNA levels in oestrogen responsive human breast cancer cells. , 1987, Nucleic acids research.

[28]  J. Kay,et al.  Immunolocalization of cathepsin D in normal and neoplastic human tissues. , 1986, Journal of clinical pathology.

[29]  M. Montminy,et al.  Identification of a cyclic-AMP-responsive element within the rat somatostatin gene. , 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[30]  R. Tjian,et al.  Bidirectional SV40 transcription mediated by tandem Sp1 binding interactions. , 1985, Science.

[31]  H. Terayama,et al.  Cathepsin D stimulates DNA synthesis and mitosis in mouse liver in vivo. , 1984, Experimental cell research.

[32]  S. Elangovan,et al.  Progesterone and estrogen control of rates of synthesis of uterine cathepsin D. , 1980, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[33]  W. Rutter,et al.  Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. , 1979, Biochemistry.

[34]  L. Greenbaum,et al.  Pepstatin, an ascites retardant of L1210 tumor-bearing mice. , 1977, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[35]  Richard Axel,et al.  Transfer of purified herpes virus thymidine kinase gene to cultured mouse cells , 1977, Cell.

[36]  R. Dean.  Direct evidence of importance of lysosomes in degradation of intracellular proteins , 1975, Nature.

[37]  H. Bernstein,et al.  Lysosomal proteinases as putative diagnostic tools in human neuropathology: Alzheimer disease (AD) and schizophrenia. , 1992, Acta histochemica. Supplementband.

[38]  N. Gebbia,et al.  Cathepsin D in the malignant progression of neoplastic diseases (review). , 1992, Anticancer research.

[39]  H. Ploegh,et al.  Intracellular transport of MHC class II molecules. , 1992, Immunology today.

[40]  P. Hantzopoulos,et al.  A genomic clone containing the promoter for the gene encoding the human lysosomal enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A. , 1987, Gene.

[41]  A. Bird.  CpG islands as gene markers in the vertebrate nucleus , 1987 .

[42]  Robert Tjian,et al.  Promoter-specific activation of RNA polymerase II transcription by Sp1 , 1986 .

[43]  T. Shows,et al.  Assignment of the pepsinogen gene complex (PGA) to human chromosome region 11q13 by in situ hybridization. , 1986, Cytogenetics and cell genetics.

[44]  N. Birnberg,et al.  A cyclic AMP- and phorbol ester-inducible DNA element , 1986, Nature.

[45]  C. Yanisch-Perron,et al.  Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors. , 1985, Gene.

[46]  P. M. Thompson,et al.  Protease activity associated with loss of adhesiveness in mouse teratocarcinoma. , 1983, Experimental cell research.

[47]  P Chambon,et al.  Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. , 1981, Annual review of biochemistry.