Biohydrogen Production From Renewable Resources

Abstract Developing a global hydrogen (H2) economy is driven by the rapid evolution of solid-state fuel cells for the automotive sector. Approximately 95% of the currently produced H2 is derived from fossil fuels, natural gas, liquid hydrocarbons, coal, and electrolysis. Depleting fossil fuels supplies, energy security, increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and climate change are major factors causing the development of carbon-neutral renewable energy supplies, such as ethanol, diesel, and H2. Technologies to produce H2 from carbon-neutral feedstocks and water are currently under investigation using biological and heterogeneous catalyst platforms. Biological H2 production processes utilizing carbon-based agriculture feedstocks and water are examined in this chapter. Feedstocks as well as pretreatment technologies for photofermentation and dark fermentation processes are discussed. Process biochemistry, microbiology, and reactor technology are reviewed for the biophotolysis and fermentation processes together with process economics, recent advances and challenges, current trends, process limitations, and finally, future outlook.

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