Electrografted poly(N-mercaptoethyl acrylamide) and Au nanoparticles-based organic/inorganic film: a platform for the high-performance electrochemical biosensors.

In this study, we describe the use of the combination of eletrografting poly(N-mercaptoethyl acrylamide) and Au nanoparticles in the construction of high-performance biosensors. The poly(N-mercaptoethyl acrylamide) was electrografted onto the glassy carbon electrode surface, which provided a strongly adhering primer film for the stable attachment of Au nanoparticles and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymes. The performances of the biosensors based on the HRP immobilized in the Au/poly(N-mercaptoethyl acrylamide) composite film were investigated. A couple of redox peaks were obtained, indicating that the Au nanoparticles could facilitate the direct-electron transfer between HRP and the underlying electrode. The biosensor showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of hydrogen oxide and long-term stability, owing to the stable electrografted film and biocompatible Au nanoparticles. Our results demonstrate that the combination of electrografting and Au nanoparticles provides a promising platform for the immobilization of biomolecules and analysis of redox enzymes for their sensing applications.

[1]  X. Xia,et al.  Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin on nanostructured gold colloid-silk fibroin modified glassy carbon electrode , 2009 .

[2]  Yi-Ge Zhou,et al.  Simple approach for efficient encapsulation of enzyme in silica matrix with retained bioactivity. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[3]  Jinghong Li,et al.  Carbon nanofiber-based composites for the construction of mediator-free biosensors. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[4]  D. Wheeler,et al.  Maleimide-activated aryl diazonium salts for electrode surface functionalization with biological and redox-active molecules. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[5]  S. Griveau,et al.  Electrochemical grafting by reduction of 4-aminoethylbenzenediazonium salt: Application to the immobilization of (bio)molecules , 2007 .

[6]  Kang Wang,et al.  One-step immobilization of glucose oxidase in a silica matrix on a Pt electrode by an electrochemically induced sol-gel process. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[7]  Jun Li,et al.  Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and electrochemical biosensing of glucose on quantum dots/carbon nanotubes electrodes. , 2007, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[8]  D. Pang,et al.  Activity and stability of horseradish peroxidase in hydrophilic room temperature ionic liquid and its application in non-aqueous biosensing , 2007 .

[9]  Jinghong Li,et al.  DNA-hemoglobin-multiwalls carbon nanotube hybrid material with sandwich structure : Preparation, characterization, and application in bioelectrochemistry , 2007 .

[10]  Tao Xu,et al.  Modification of nanostructured materials for biomedical applications , 2007 .

[11]  W. Li,et al.  Direct electrochemistry of Cytochrome c on natural nano-attapulgite clay modified electrode and its electrocatalytic reduction for H2O2 , 2007 .

[12]  Yujie Ma,et al.  Layer-by-layer constructed macroporous architectures. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[13]  C. Jérôme,et al.  Thermoresponsive coatings strongly adhering to (semi)conducting surfaces. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[14]  Xiliang Luo,et al.  Enhancement of a conducting polymer-based biosensor using carbon nanotube-doped polyaniline. , 2006, Analytica chimica acta.

[15]  S. Yau,et al.  Preserved enzymatic activity of glucose oxidase immobilized on an unmodified electrode , 2006 .

[16]  Y. Xian,et al.  Glucose biosensor based on Au nanoparticles-conductive polyaniline nanocomposite. , 2006, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[17]  C. Jérôme,et al.  Electrografting of thin polymer films: Three strategies for the tailoring of functional adherent coatings , 2006 .

[18]  Michael S Strano,et al.  In vivo fluorescence detection of glucose using a single-walled carbon nanotube optical sensor: design, fluorophore properties, advantages, and disadvantages. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[19]  Yi Liu,et al.  Core--shell nanocluster films of hemoglobin and clay nanoparticle: direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis. , 2005, Biophysical chemistry.

[20]  E. Wang,et al.  A colloidal Au monolayer modulates the conformation and orientation of a protein at the electrode/solution interface. , 2005, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[21]  X. Xia,et al.  Adsorption and Direct Electron Transfer from Hemoglobin into a Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Gold Film , 2005 .

[22]  G. Shen,et al.  A hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on nano-Au/PAMAM dendrimer/cystamine modified gold electrode , 2005 .

[23]  Jing Chen,et al.  Direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase promoted by carbon nanotubes. , 2004, Analytical biochemistry.

[24]  S. Palacin,et al.  Immobilization of Biomolecules on Electrodes Modified by Electrografted Films , 2004 .

[25]  X. Xia,et al.  Multilayer assembly of Prussian blue nanoclusters and enzyme-immobilized poly(toluidine blue) films and its application in glucose biosensor construction. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[26]  Yuehe Lin,et al.  Glucose Biosensors Based on Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Ensembles , 2004 .

[27]  M. Ignatova,et al.  Preparation of reactive surfaces by electrografting. , 2003, Chemical communications.

[28]  Michael Himmelhaus,et al.  Covalent Coupling of Antibodies to Self-Assembled Monolayers of Carboxy-Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol): Protein Resistance and Specific Binding of Biomolecules† , 2003 .

[29]  Shaojun Dong,et al.  Direct electron transfer between hemoglobin and a glassy carbon electrode facilitated by lipid-protected gold nanoparticles. , 2002, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[30]  Aimin Yu,et al.  Direct electron transfer and characterization of hemoglobin immobilized on a Au colloid-cysteamine-modified gold electrode , 2001 .

[31]  Catherine J. Murphy,et al.  Wet Chemical Synthesis of High Aspect Ratio Cylindrical Gold Nanorods , 2001 .

[32]  Masayuki Nogami,et al.  Novel Electrochemical Interfaces with a Tunable Kinetic Barrier by Self-Assembling Organically Modified Silica Gel and Gold Nanoparticles , 2001 .

[33]  A. Downard.  Electrochemically Assisted Covalent Modification of Carbon Electrodes , 2000 .

[34]  H. Ju,et al.  Direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase immobilized on a colloid/cysteamine-modified gold electrode. , 2000, Analytical biochemistry.

[35]  A. Laschewsky,et al.  Layer-by-layer self-assembly of hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes , 1999 .

[36]  C. Jérôme,et al.  Electrochemical Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanowires. , 1998, Angewandte Chemie.

[37]  R. Jérôme,et al.  Elektrochemische Synthese von Polypyrrol‐Nanodrähten , 1998 .

[38]  J. Anzai,et al.  Layer-by-layer construction of enzyme multilayers on an electrode for the preparation of glucose and lactate sensors: elimination of ascorbate interference by means of an ascorbate oxidase multilayer. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[39]  M. Ishiyama,et al.  Water-soluble chromogenic reagent for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide—an alternative to 4-aminoantipyrine working at a long wavelength , 1998 .

[40]  J. Rusling,et al.  Electrochemical Generation and Reactions of Ferrylmyoglobins in Water and Microemulsions , 1997 .

[41]  B. Luff,et al.  Detection of glucose via electrochemiluminescence in a thin-layer cell with a planar optical waveguide , 1995 .

[42]  C. Reynaud,et al.  Grafting and growing mechanisms of polymerised organic films onto metallic surfaces , 1982 .

[43]  G. S. Wilson,et al.  Rotating ring-disk enzyme electrode for biocatalysis kinetic studies and characterization of the immobilized enzyme layer , 1980 .