Internet of things based humidity control and monitoring system

This study proposes smart monitoring by utilizing IoT in agriculture which aims to assist farmers in monitoring crops in order to reduce the risk of failure. Quantitative method was employed to collect data from the Soil Moisture Sensor & DHT22 which are to read and write data that can be monitored on a cloud server or csv file to evaluate the risk. This monitoring system is created using the Python programming language by utilizing the Raspberry Pi as a microprocessor. The result of this study is data acquisition that is connected to the internet. Data can be accessed at Thingspeak to show indications and crop yields. Analogue form and indicators of water in soil moisture are indicated by colored marks. Proper monitoring shows more accurate crop data that enable the farmers to prevent crops from drying out. This system is expected to reduce the risk of crop failure as well as increase the agriculture productivity. 176 ILKOM Jurnal Ilmiah Vol. 13, No. 2, August 2021, pp. 175-186 E-ISSN 2548-7779 Harahap, et. al. (Internet of things based humidity control and monitoring system) that Banten has low rainfall compared to the average rainfall in Indonesia which reaches 2,000 – 3,000 mm per year. In the agricultural sector, rainfall is very influential on increasing crop yields [7]. The low rainfall frequently causes failure of chili harvest in Banten. This is exacerbated when the dry season begins which makes many farmers' plants wither or die due to lack of water. There are many elements that must be considered in planting chili such as soil moisture, lack of soil nutrients and lack of supervision. In its maintenance, chili must be continuously monitored. It should be watered 3 times a day to avoid drying out [8]. This process causes farmers to usually sacrifice a lot of time and energy to see the physical development of chili plants. This conventional method is not efficient because there is no accurate data that shows the level of soil moisture needed by chilies to grow completely and avoid drying out. Recently, there are many sophisticated tools and technologies used to increase crop yields and minimize losses. One of them is the incorporation of Smart IoT technology. In agriculture, the application of IoT technology aims to increase yields and harvest quality in order to reduce costs [9][10]. This technology can support farmers in obtaining better information so that it can help them in making decisions [11][12]. Extensive researches have been conducted to improve the IoT in agriculture. Research [13] proposes the importance of wireless sensors in agriculture to increase productivity as well as the significance of precision agriculture nowadays. In addition, this study shows the architecture that is applied to analyze and monitor environmental parameters. On the other hand, study [14] suggests an IoT framework in agriculture. This research also shows the various layers of the agricultural market and how IoT can be applied to each layer. Additionally, it provides a variety of current technologies that can be useful related to IoT in agriculture. Another research [15] seeks to overcome problems in plants due to uneven rain circulation. In this study, monitoring of environmental parameters regarding pH and soil moisture was carried out using a control unit in the form of Arduino [16]. This activity is carried out simultaneously with the communication process. Research [17] presents an information system for agriculture by utilizing a distributed architecture in tracking all data in the agricultural production process. In addition, the system is made in implementing, searching, and processing data from agricultural production. Research [18] created a web-based decision support system that is connected to the WSN to assist in the control of irrigation canals. Sensors are used to obtain data on humidity, solar radiation, temperature, and rain. The use of IoT that leads to big data can produce important data. This is what underlies many studies that seek to turn this data into useful information and knowledge. Research [19], used an automatic irrigation system model based on the ATMEGA328 microcontroller which is equipped with a soil moisture sensor in the root zone of plants. The data and information obtained by the sensor are then sent to farmers via the GSM module which is used to find out the status of pumps installed on the plantation without visiting the location directly. The pump will automatically turn off when the water content in the soil reaches the desired threshold value and this message is sent to the farmer. Research [20] utilizes a wireless network with ZigBee technology in controlling humidity, soil and temperature. This system utilizes several components such as soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ZigBee, PIC 18F458 microcontroller, water pump, fan, relay and buzzer. The system is designed to increase water use in plants. The GPRS module is used to transmit information to web pages and the data is displayed in graphical form. research [21] utilizes the IoT framework in monitoring soil moisture. Temperature sensors, humidity sensors and soil moisture sensors placed on plants are connected to the microcontroller to evaluate further information. Microcontroller is used as a central storage system and SMS as cloud-based storage in delivering messages to users. All the methods discussed above are similar in the use of wireless sensor nodes. However, they have differences in data storage and delivery to users. In research [19] the information submitted uses the GSM module so that the data obtained is not real-time. Likewise, the information conveyed in research [20] employs the GPRS module where the speed of data transmission is still very low. In [21] the data transmission process is still via SMS and this is not efficient in normal use. The system will continue to send many SMS per minute regarding plant data to the user causing inconveniences. Therefore, this research will focus on the application of the IoT framework in agriculture that can deliver crop data to farmers more quickly via the internet, and can be viewed in real-time. This study utilizes the Soil Moisture Sensor and DHT22 Sensor where the data is sent to a database via the internet for later use as data collection and processing [22]. The novelties of this study are given as follows. 1. Creating a tool that can help in monitoring chili plants. 2. Connecting the tool to the internet in collecting monitoring data. 3. The collected data will be analyzed and displayed on the cloud server in the form of graphs, analogues, and water indicators on soil moisture levels. 4. Plant can be monitored in real time through the website, both public and private channels. This research uses Soil Moisture Sensor and DHT22 Sensor, which are used in monitoring soil moisture, temperature and air humidity of chili plants. The sensor data collected will be processed and then sent to the cloud server via the internet which will then be used as data collection and processing. This study aims to create a system to assist farmers in monitoring their crops in real-time via the internet anywhere and anytime, either through public or E-ISSN 2548-7779 ILKOM Jurnal Ilmiah Vol. 13, No. 2, August 2021, pp. 175-186 177 Harahap, et. al. (Internet of things based humidity control and monitoring system) private channels. This data will provide information if the plant lacks of water or the temperature of the plantation is too hot so that adequate watering can be done. Method The proposed system is a monitoring tool in agriculture to improve the quality and quantity of farmers' crops by measuring soil moisture, temperature, and air humidity without direct human assistance. By using the automatic watering systems, the level of soil moisture is urgent to be estimated. The measurement of soil moisture level can be carried out by taking into account the wet and the dry basis moisture content.