Evaluation of Structural Characteristics of Huadian Oil Shale Kerogen Using Direct Techniques (Solid-State 13C NMR, XPS, FT-IR, and XRD)

A sample of kerogen isolated from Huadian oil shale was studied using a combination of solid-state 13C NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques to evaluate its structural characteristics. 13C NMR results indicate that the carbon skeletal structure of this kerogen is mainly composed of a fairly high fraction of aliphatic carbon (86.1%), with a very low aromaticity (fa) of 9.7%; methylene (CH2) carbons dominate in all types of aliphatic carbons and the majority of them exist as many long straight chains but not saturated alicyclics. The average methylene carbon chain length (Cn) is between 12 and 24. There are only one fused aromatic ring (e.g., naphthalene) or two single aromatic rings (one benzene ring and one penta-heterocycle) per 100 carbon atoms. However, aromatic rings in this kerogen have a very high value of substitutive degree (δ = 0.42–0.75). Furthermore, XRD analysis suggests that most methylene straight chains and ar...

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