VESTIBULAR MIGRAINE: CHALLENGE AND RECENT KNOWLEDGE

Vestibular migraine (VM) is a clinical problem presented as a combination of headache with vertigo, dizziness, and balance disorder. It is the primary cause of recurrent vertigo with a long life prevalence of up to 1%. Recently, there is growing evidence of connection or interaction between the nociceptive system with the vestibular tract in the human brain. However, the exact pathomechanism of VM has yet to be identified. VM is included in the appendix of The International Classification of Headache-3 (ICH-3). However, this clinical entity, which has been introduced since the 19th century, is still one of the significant challenges for clinicians worldwide. There are no diagnostic tools for VM, make it a is pure clinical diagnosis demanding clinician’s skill to be identified. This review article aims to compile from numerous literature regarding recent knowledge related to VM, including its definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment modality.