Theoretical study of ferroelectric barium-strontium-titanate-based one-dimensional tunable photonic crystals

Tunable photonic crystals (PCs) have attracted much attention in the past decade because of their various applications such as ultra-fast optical filters and optical waveguides with add-drop functionalities. A common means of tuning PC is by changing the refractive indices of the constituent materials via the linear or quadratic electro-optic effect, which leads to a shift of the bandgap positions of the PC. The lead-free material, barium strontium titanate (BST), has a high quadratic electro-optic coefficient comparable to lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT), and is a promising candidate as a lead-free tunable PC. Here we present a study on the feasibility of developing a one-dimensional tunable PC based on a BST and magnesium oxide (MgO) multilayer structure. The bandgap diagram of the PC structure is calculated using the plane-wave expansion (PWE) method. For a 1% change in the refractive index of BST, a 0.99% frequency shift in the bandgap can be achieved. It corresponds to a wavelength shift of 15.4 nm at a wavelength of 1550nm. Design of a tunable optical filter at a wavelength of 1550nm based on a BST/MgO 1D PC is suggested. The transmission property of the 1D PC is further verified by simulation, using the transfer matrix method (TMM).

[1]  Shuai Feng,et al.  High resolution three-port filter in two dimensional photonic crystal slabs. , 2006, Optics express.

[2]  Hye Jin Lim,et al.  Tunable omnidirectional reflection bands and defect modes of a one-dimensional photonic band gap structure with liquid crystals , 2001 .

[3]  Maria-Pilar Bernal,et al.  Electro-optic effect exaltation on lithium niobate photonic crystals due to slow photons , 2006 .

[4]  J. Zi,et al.  Tunability of photonic crystals based on the Faraday effect , 2003 .

[5]  Olaf Stenzel,et al.  The physics of thin film optical spectra : an introduction , 2005 .

[6]  Masanori Ozaki,et al.  Mechanical Tuning of the Optical Properties of Plastic Opal as a Photonic Crystal , 1999 .

[7]  Susumu Noda,et al.  Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure , 2000, Nature.

[8]  S. Xiong,et al.  Analysis of light propagation in index-tunable photonic crystals , 2003 .

[9]  Kurt Busch,et al.  Tunable two-dimensional photonic crystals using liquid crystal infiltration , 2000 .

[10]  Ignacio Del Villar,et al.  Analysis of one-dimensional photonic band gap structures with a liquid crystal defect towards development of fiber-optic tunable wavelength filters. , 2003, Optics express.

[11]  J. R. Wendt,et al.  Three-dimensional control of light in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab , 2022 .

[12]  Kerr and four-wave mixing spectroscopy at the band edge of one-dimensional photonic crystals , 2005 .

[13]  P. Shum,et al.  One-dimensional anisotropic photonic crystal with a tunable bandgap , 2006 .

[14]  J. Joannopoulos,et al.  Enhanced coupling to vertical radiation using a two-dimensional photonic crystal in a semiconductor light-emitting diode , 2001 .

[15]  Ji Zhou,et al.  Ferroelectric inverse opals with electrically tunable photonic band gap , 2003 .

[16]  J. Joannopoulos,et al.  High Transmission through Sharp Bends in Photonic Crystal Waveguides. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[17]  A. Maradudin,et al.  Photonic band structure of two-dimensional systems: The triangular lattice. , 1991, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[18]  H. Hamann,et al.  Active control of slow light on a chip with photonic crystal waveguides , 2005, Nature.

[19]  C.A.P. Muller,et al.  Efficient miniature fiber-optic tunable filter based on intracore Bragg grating and electrically resistive coating , 1998, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[20]  T. Shiosaki,et al.  Fabrication of Ferroelectric Photonic Crystals , 2005 .

[21]  Johann Peter Reithmaier,et al.  Tunable photonic crystals fabricated in III-V semiconductor slab waveguides using infiltrated liquid crystals , 2003 .