New techniques for extreme conditions: high temperature reverse osmosis and nanofiltration

New techniques for operating spiral-wound membranes at temperatures as high as 90°C have been welcomed by users in the pharmaceutical, biotech, electronics, power plant, food production, and similar industries. The performance characteristics of Duratherm® reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and ultrafiltration elements at high temperature are described. The advantages include hot water sanitizing, flux enhancement, and heat recovery. Process economics are reviewed.