Anthropometry of hand in sex determination of dismembered remains - A review of literature.

Sex determination is an important and one of the foremost criteria in establishing the identity of an individual. Identification of dismembered/severed human remains that are frequently found in cases of mass disasters and criminal mutilation is a challenging task for the medicolegal experts. The paper presents a review of anthropometric studies conducted on hand with regard to identification of the deceased from dismembered remains. The review further discusses the anthropometric landmarks, techniques, methods, reliability and accuracy and the overall significance of hand anthropometry in personal identification. This review is an attempt to discuss the sexual dimorphism exhibited by the anthropometry of the hand that can assist forensic experts in the identification of amputated/dismembered remains.

[1]  J L Scheuer,et al.  Sex determination from metacarpals and the first proximal phalanx. , 1993, Journal of forensic sciences.

[2]  G. P. Kumar,et al.  Estimation of Gestational Age from Hand and Foot Length , 1994, Medicine, science, and the law.

[3]  T. Kanchan,et al.  Middle finger length — a predictor of stature in the Indian population , 2009, Medicine, science, and the law.

[4]  M. Voracek,et al.  The Contributions of Hans-Dieter Rösler: Pioneer of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Research , 2008, Psychological reports.

[5]  K. Krishan Determination of Stature From Foot and Its Segments in a North Indian Population , 2008, The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology.

[6]  R. George,et al.  Human finger types , 1930 .

[7]  D. Singh,et al.  Second to fourth digit ratio: ethnic differences and family size in English, Indian and South African populations , 2003, Annals of human biology.

[8]  Ann H Ross,et al.  Sex Determination from Hand and Foot Bone Lengths * , 2007, Journal of forensic sciences.

[9]  Kevin J. MacKenzie,et al.  Finger length and distal finger extent patterns in humans. , 2002, American journal of physical anthropology.

[10]  Erin Shubel,et al.  Relative Lengths of Fingers and Toes in Human Males and Females , 2002, Hormones and Behavior.

[11]  S L Smith,et al.  Attribution of hand bones to sex and population groups. , 1996, Journal of forensic sciences.

[12]  M. Y. İşcan,et al.  ANTHROPOLOGY | Sex Determination , 2000 .

[13]  F E Johnston,et al.  Directional asymmetry of body dimensions among white adolescents. , 1985, American journal of physical anthropology.

[14]  Andrew D. Huberman,et al.  Finger-length ratios and sexual orientation , 2000, Nature.

[15]  A. Ariño,et al.  Anthropometric measurements in both sides of the body in the assessment of nutritional status in prepubertal children , 2002, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[16]  A. M. Ahmed,et al.  Prediction of stature from hand measurements. , 1990, Forensic science international.

[17]  D. Gentry Steele,et al.  The Anatomy and Biology of the Human Skeleton , 1988 .

[18]  L Meadows,et al.  Estimation of stature from metacarpal lengths. , 1992, Journal of forensic sciences.

[19]  J T Manning,et al.  The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen. , 1998, Human reproduction.

[20]  K. Krishan,et al.  Estimation of stature from dimensions of hands and feet in a North Indian population. , 2007, Journal of forensic and legal medicine.

[21]  C. Bardin,et al.  Testosterone: a major determinant of extragenital sexual dimorphism. , 1981, Science.

[22]  Prateek Rastogi,et al.  Estimation of stature from hand dimensions of north and south Indians. , 2008, Legal medicine.

[23]  Arun Kumar Agnihotri,et al.  Determination Of Sex By Hand Dimensions , 2005 .

[24]  R. Lazenby,et al.  Identification of sex from metacarpals: effect of side asymmetry. , 1994, Journal of forensic sciences.

[25]  K. Krishan,et al.  Determination of stature from cephalo-facial dimensions in a North Indian population. , 2007, Legal medicine.

[26]  J. Dequeker,et al.  Soft-tissue measurements at the index finger: age and sex characteristics. , 1979, Clinical Radiology.

[27]  R. Trivers,et al.  Sex and ethnic differences in 2nd to 4th digit ratio of children. , 2004, Early human development.

[28]  Max M. Houck,et al.  Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences , 2013 .

[29]  Tanuj Kanchan,et al.  Sexual dimorphism of the index to ring finger ratio in South Indian adolescents. , 2010, Journal of forensic and legal medicine.

[30]  G. Trancho,et al.  Metacarpal Sexual Determination in a Spanish Population , 2006, Journal of forensic sciences.

[31]  Martin Voracek,et al.  Scientometric Analysis and Bibliography of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Research, 1998–2008 , 2009, Psychological reports.

[32]  J. Manning Digit Ratio: A Pointer to Fertility, Behavior, and Health , 2002 .

[33]  Tanuj Kanchan,et al.  Index and ring finger ratio--a new sex determinant in south Indian population. , 2008, Forensic science international.

[34]  Tanuj Kanchan,et al.  Sex Determination from Hand Dimensions of North and South Indians , 2009, Journal of forensic sciences.

[35]  W. M. Krogman The human skeleton in forensic medicine. I. , 1963, Postgraduate medicine.

[36]  Tanuj Kanchan,et al.  Sex Determination from Hand and Foot Dimensions in a North Indian Population , 2011, Journal of forensic sciences.

[37]  M. S. Singh,et al.  The 2nd:4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences, and reproductive success. evidence for sexually antagonistic genes? , 2000, Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society.

[38]  P. Bundred,et al.  Finger and toe ratios in humans and mice: implications for the aetiology of diseases influenced by HOX genes. , 2003, Medical hypotheses.

[39]  R. Lippa Are 2D:4D finger-length ratios related to sexual orientation? Yes for men, no for women. , 2003, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[40]  Martin Voracek Comparative Study of Digit Ratios (2D:4D and Other) and Novel Measures of Relative Finger Length: Testing Magnitude and Consistency of Sex Differences across Samples , 2009, Perceptual and motor skills.

[41]  O. P. Jasuja,et al.  Estimation of stature from hand and phalange length. , 2004 .

[42]  A. Falsetti,et al.  Sex assessment from metacarpals of the human hand. , 1995, Journal of forensic sciences.

[43]  Susan Standring PhD DSc Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice , 2005 .

[44]  H. V. Vallois Anthropometric Techniques , 1965, Current Anthropology.