A Watermarking Scheme Based on Principal Component Analysis Technique

In this paper, we shall propose a new method for the copyright protection of digital images. To embed the watermark, our new method partitions the original image into blocks and uses the PCA function to project these blocks onto a linear subspace. There is a watermark table, which is computed from projection points, kept in our new method. When extracting a watermark, our method projects the blocks of the modified image by using the PCA function. Both the newly projected points and the watermark table are used to reconstruct the watermark. In our experiments, we have tested our scheme to see how it works on original images modified by JPEG lossy compression, blurring, cropping, rotating and sharpening, and the experimental results show that our method is very robust and indeed workable.

[1]  Edward J. Delp,et al.  A watermark for digital images , 1996, Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[2]  Ioannis Pitas,et al.  Protecting Digital-Image Copyrights: A Framework , 1999, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[3]  Richard C. T. Lee,et al.  Application of Principal Component Analysis to Multikey Searching , 1976, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[4]  Chin-Chen Chang,et al.  A Technique for Computing Watermarks from Digital Images , 2000, Informatica.

[5]  Chin-Chen Chang,et al.  A Technique of Watermarking for Digital Images Using (t, n)-Threshold Scheme , 2000, Informatica.

[6]  Walter Bender,et al.  Techniques for Data Hiding , 1996, IBM Syst. J..

[7]  A. Murat Tekalp,et al.  Hierarchical watermarking for secure image authentication with localization , 2002, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[8]  Chin-Chen Chang,et al.  Digital watermarking of images using neural networks , 2000, J. Electronic Imaging.