Bone Metastases – Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Testing and Therapy (Part 2) Knochenmetastasen – Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie (Teil 2)

Abstract The second part of this review deals with the several options for the surgical therapy of bone metastases according to their anatomical site and the patientʼs individual prognosis. Although metastases to the bone – with few exceptions – are normally given palliative therapy, patients nowadays reach survival times of several months to years, depending on the underlying tumour entity. Scoring systems are suitable to estimate the patientʼs prognosis and fracture risk. The indication for operation has to be adapted to these parameters. In order to preserve a high quality of life, a limb saving procedure has to be aimed at. The options include the resection of the metastasis with stabilisation, the sole stabilisation of the affected bone, and wide resection with limb reconstruction using a modular tumor endoprosthesis. With todayʼs anaesthesiological peri- and intraoperative care, a vast number of surgical implants and bone augmentations are available. However, what is important is not the practicability of the procedure, but the oncological justification and patient-adapted selection of surgical therapy. Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende 2. Teil dieser Übersichtsarbeit befasst sich mit den unterschiedlichen operativen Therapiemöglichkeiten von Skelettmetastasen in Abhängigkeit von deren Lokalisation und der individuellen Prognose des Patienten. Obwohl im Falle der ossären Metastasierung mit wenigen Ausnahmen von einem palliativen Therapieschema ausgegangen wird, erreichen die Patienten dennoch Überlebensraten von mehreren Monaten bis Jahren in Abhängigkeit von der zugrunde liegenden Tumorentität. Zur Abschätzung der Prognose und Frakturgefährdung stehen verschiedene Scores zur Verfügung. Die Operationsindikation ist immer im Zusammenhang mit der Prognose und patientenindividuell zu stellen. Im Sinne des Erhaltens einer hohen Lebensqualität ist prinzipiell eine extremitätenerhaltende Therapie anzustreben. Diese lässt sich unterteilen in eine Resektion der Metastase mit Stabilisierung der Extremität, der alleinigen Stabilisierung sowie der weiten Resektion mit ossärer und funktioneller Defektrekonstruktion mittels einer Tumorendoprothese. Mit den heutigen Möglichkeiten der intra- und perioperativen Patientenversorgung ist eine Vielzahl von Implantaten und Möglichkeiten der Augmentation von metastatischen Knochendefekten verfügbar. Im Vordergrund steht jedoch nicht die chirurgische Durchführbarkeit, sondern die onkologisch sinnvolle und patientengerechte Wahl der Therapie und des operativen Vorgehens.

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