Conducting Polymers for DNA Sensors and DNA Chips: from Fabrication to Molecular Detection

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the application of electronically conducting polymers (ECPs) to the design of DNA sensors in terms of DNA immobilization and hybridization transduction. It describes the different chemical and electrochemical immobilization strategies and the processing approaches to design surfaces bearing ECP-supported DNA probes, especially in the field of parallel applications. It also reviews the different ways of detection, including labeling and label-free strategies. A particular highlight is given to ECP-based transduction approaches. The interfacing ECPs and DNA offer several advantages in the field of sensor design. The first one is the possibility to modify the polymer during or after its synthesis process in order to construct specific electrodes or support, bearing many different DNA sequences. The processing step allows tuning the ECP properties to fit in them with the needs of the detection approach chosen. In terms of detection of biorecognition, the polymers are compatible either with classical approaches including radioactivity, fluorescence, and enzymatic detection process or with more specific approaches involving electrical parameters. The electrochemical approach can be used both to write and to read the information. This latter property allows these sensors to be easily integrated in a device bearing microfluidic channels to lead to integrated analysis tool, such as lab-on-a-chip.

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