The January 2019 special issue of the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (TNS) contains selected papers from the 55th annual IEEE International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) held on July 16–20, 2018, in Kona, Hawaii. The 2018 IEEE NSREC was sponsored by the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society. Eighty-three of the 102 papers presented at the 2018 IEEE NSREC were submitted for consideration for this year’s special issue. This issue is neither a conference proceeding nor a conference record. The papers that appear in this special issue successfully completed the regular journal review process before the special issue deadline. Several more papers presented at the Conference are likely to appear in subsequent issues of the Transactions.