Local Order in Liquid Gallium–Indium Alloys

Liquid metals such as eutectic Ga-In alloys have low melting points and low toxicity and are used in catalysis and micro-robotics. This study investigates the local atomic structure of liquid gallium-indium alloys by a combination of density measurements, diffraction data, and Monte-Carlo simulation via the empirical potential structure refinement approach. A high-Q shoulder observed in liquid Ga is related to structural rearrangements in the second coordination shell. Structure analysis found coordination environments close to a random distribution for eutectic Ga-In alloy, while electronic effects appear to dominate the mixing enthalpy.

[1]  C. Majidi,et al.  Magnetoactive liquid-solid phase transitional matter , 2023, Matter.

[2]  K. Kalantar-zadeh,et al.  Liquid metal synthesis solvents for metallic crystals , 2022, Science.

[3]  Lu Huang,et al.  A self-healing electrocatalytic system via electrohydrodynamics induced evolution in liquid metal , 2022, Nature communications.

[4]  B. Slater,et al.  Preparation and Structure of the Ion-Conducting Mixed Molecular Glass Ga2I3.17 , 2021, Inorganic chemistry.

[5]  P. Piaggi,et al.  Ab initio phase diagram and nucleation of gallium , 2020, Nature Communications.

[6]  Joonho Lee,et al.  Anomalous pressure dependent phase diagram of liquid Ga–In alloys , 2020 .

[7]  J. C. Schön,et al.  Systematics of the allotrope formation in elemental gallium films , 2019, Materials Research Express.

[8]  X. D. Wang,et al.  Structural evolution in liquid GaIn eutectic alloy under high temperature and pressure , 2019, Journal of Applied Physics.

[9]  Benjamin J. Carey,et al.  Room temperature CO2 reduction to solid carbon species on liquid metals featuring atomically thin ceria interfaces , 2019, Nature Communications.

[10]  Yi Cui,et al.  An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage , 2018, Nature Energy.

[11]  K. Khoshmanesh,et al.  Liquid metals: fundamentals and applications in chemistry. , 2018, Chemical Society reviews.

[12]  W. Peukert,et al.  Gallium-rich Pd-Ga phases as supported liquid metal catalysts. , 2017, Nature chemistry.

[13]  Anthony S. Stender,et al.  Atomically thin gallium layers from solid-melt exfoliation , 2017, Science Advances.

[14]  X. D. Wang,et al.  Pressure-induced structural change in liquid GaIn eutectic alloy , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[15]  P. Tang,et al.  Analysis of local bond-orientational order for liquid gallium at ambient pressure: Two types of cluster structures. , 2016, The Journal of chemical physics.

[16]  Donald R. Sadoway,et al.  Lithium–antimony–lead liquid metal battery for grid-level energy storage , 2014, Nature.

[17]  X. Bian,et al.  Unusual coordination structure in undercooled eutectic Ga-In alloy melt , 2014 .

[18]  Yi Zheng,et al.  Personal electronics printing via tapping mode composite liquid metal ink delivery and adhesion mechanism , 2014, Scientific Reports.

[19]  Sven Eckert,et al.  Thermophysical properties of the liquid Ga–Sn–Zn eutectic alloy , 2018, Fluid Phase Equilibria.

[20]  Seungho Yu,et al.  Electrical, thermal, and species transport properties of liquid eutectic Ga-In and Ga-In-Sn from first principles. , 2014, The Journal of chemical physics.

[21]  Carmel Majidi,et al.  Liquid-phase gallium-indium alloy electronics with microcontact printing. , 2013, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[22]  G. Ding,et al.  Structural order and anomaly of liquid gallium–indium during isothermal dissolution of indium in liquid gallium , 2013 .

[23]  X. Bian,et al.  Structure and fragility of supercooled Ga-In melts , 2012 .

[24]  K. Tsai,et al.  Revisiting anomalous structures in liquid Ga. , 2010, The Journal of chemical physics.

[25]  P. Salmon.  Moments of the Bhatia–Thornton partial pair-distribution functions , 2005 .

[26]  E. Santiso,et al.  Dense packing of binary and polydisperse hard spheres , 2002 .

[27]  Alan K. Soper,et al.  Empirical potential Monte Carlo simulation of fluid structure , 1996 .

[28]  W. Hoyer,et al.  The structure of liquid GaIn alloys , 1995 .

[29]  Wang,et al.  Anomalies in the liquid structure of Ga metal. , 1994, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[30]  Xingao Gong,et al.  Coexistence of Monatomic and Diatomic Molecular Fluid Character in Liquid Gallium , 1993 .

[31]  D. Price,et al.  Ordering in Liquid Alloys , 1991 .

[32]  K. .. Vahvaselkä.  Total and Partial Interference Functions, Radial Atomic Distributions, and Electrical Resistivities for Liquid Indium and Liquid Gallium‐Indium Alloys , 1982 .

[33]  L. F. Donaghey,et al.  Thermodynamic studies of gallium--indium liquid alloys by solid state electrochemistry with oxide electrolytes , 1976 .

[34]  P. G. Wahlbeck,et al.  Measurement of activities in gallium-indium liquid alloys , 1968 .

[35]  O. J. Kleppa.  Aspects of the thermodynamics of metallic solutions , 1962 .

[36]  W. J. Svirbely,et al.  THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF LIQUID TERNARY ZINC, INDIUM, AND GALLIUM SOLUTIONS , 1962 .

[37]  J. Friedel,et al.  On the knight shift of alloys , 1959 .

[38]  Linus Pauling,et al.  Atomic Radii and Interatomic Distances in Metals , 1947 .

[39]  V. F. Sears.  Neutron scattering lengths and cross sections , 1992 .

[40]  M -L Saboungi,et al.  Intermediate-range order in glasses and liquids , 1989 .

[41]  Keith E. Gubbins,et al.  Theory of molecular fluids , 1984 .

[42]  W. Hoyer,et al.  Structure investigation on liquid gallium , 1980 .

[43]  R. Cortès,et al.  X-ray diffraction study on amorphous gallium , 1979 .

[44]  J. Wilson,et al.  THE STRUCTURE OF LIQUID METALS AND ALLOYS , 1965 .

[45]  O. J. Kleppa,et al.  Heats of Mixing in Binary-Liquid—Alkali-Metal Mixtures , 1964 .

[46]  R. A. Oriani.  Thermodynamics of liquid Ag-Au and Au-Cu alloys and the question of strain energy in solid solutions , 1956 .