Technical note: Mineralogical, chemical, morphological, and opticalinterrelationships of mineral dust re-suspensions

Abstract. This paper promotes an understanding of the mineralogical, chemical, and physical interrelationships of re-suspended mineral dusts collected as grab samples from global dust sources. Surface soils were collected from arid regions, including the southwestern USA, Mali, Chad, Morocco, Canary Islands, Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Serbia, China, Namibia, Botswana, Australia, and Chile. The ® membrane and quartz fiber filters for chemical analysis and Nuclepore ® filters for individual particle analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The   75,

[1]  G. Gee,et al.  Particle-size Analysis , 2018, SSSA Book Series.

[2]  Role of clay minerals in the formation of atmospheric aggregates of Saharan dust , 2015 .

[3]  H. Moosmüller,et al.  Coefficients of an analytical aerosol forcing equation determined with a Monte-Carlo radiation model , 2015 .

[4]  C. Tournassat,et al.  Identification of nanocrystalline goethite in reduced clay formations: Application to the Callovian-Oxfordian formation of Bure (France) , 2015 .

[5]  Mark E. Miller,et al.  Composition of dust deposited to snow cover in the Wasatch Range (Utah, USA): Controls on radiative properties of snow cover and comparison to some dust-source sediments , 2014 .

[6]  R. Kokaly,et al.  Iron oxide minerals in dust of the Red Dawn event in eastern Australia, September 2009 , 2014 .

[7]  C. Sioutas,et al.  Dust episodes in Beirut and their effect on the chemical composition of coarse and fine particulate matter. , 2014, The Science of the total environment.

[8]  A. Sayyah,et al.  Energy yield loss caused by dust deposition on photovoltaic panels , 2014 .

[9]  T. Nousiainen,et al.  TEM analysis of the internal structures and mineralogy of Asian dust particles and the implications for optical modeling , 2014 .

[10]  I. Alonso,et al.  Dust deposits on La Graciosa Island (Canary Islands, Spain): Texture, mineralogy and a case study of recent dust plume transport , 2014 .

[11]  J. Engelbrecht,et al.  Sources of PM2.5 impacting on Gran Canaria, Spain , 2014 .

[12]  F. Oldfield,et al.  Discriminating dusts and dusts sources using magnetic properties and hematite:Goethite ratios of surface materials and dust from North Africa, the Atlantic and Barbados , 2014 .

[13]  Peter Ingram,et al.  Biological effects of desert dust in respiratory epithelial cells and a murine model , 2014, Inhalation toxicology.

[14]  Seyed Mohammad Zamanzadeh,et al.  Characteristics of TSP Loads during the Middle East Springtime Dust Storm (MESDS) in Western Iran , 2014, Arabian Journal of Geosciences.

[15]  J. Neff,et al.  The role of dust storms in total atmospheric particle concentrations at two sites in the western U.S. , 2013 .

[16]  G. Jeong,et al.  Long-range transport of giant particles in Asian dust identified by physical, mineralogical, and meteorological analysis , 2013 .

[17]  Vicki H. Grassian,et al.  Light scattering from diatomaceous earth aerosol , 2013 .

[18]  B. Glaser,et al.  The influence of Saharan dust deposits on La Palma soil properties (Canary Islands, Spain) , 2013 .

[19]  M. Ebert,et al.  Bulk composition of northern African dust and its source sediments — A compilation , 2013 .

[20]  Sophie E. Baker,et al.  Controls on mineral dust emissions at four arid locations in the western USA , 2012 .

[21]  Ming Zhao,et al.  Global‐scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their emission rates based on MODIS Deep Blue aerosol products , 2012 .

[22]  G. Kukla,et al.  The last million years recorded at the Stari Slankamen (Northern Serbia) loess-palaeosol sequence: revised chronostratigraphy and long-term environmental trends , 2011 .

[23]  A scaling theory for the size distribution of emitted dust aerosols suggests climate models underestimate the size of the global dust cycle , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[24]  J. Prospero,et al.  Geochemical and mineralogical evidence for Sahara and Sahel dust additions to Quaternary soils on Lanzarote, eastern Canary Islands, Spain , 2010 .

[25]  T. Painter,et al.  The ecology of dust , 2010 .

[26]  S. Martin,et al.  Transport of North African dust from the Bodélé depression to the Amazon Basin: a case study , 2010 .

[27]  Adrian Chappell,et al.  Fertilizing the Amazon and equatorial Atlantic with West African dust , 2010 .

[28]  S. Harrison,et al.  Records of aeolian dust deposition on the Chinese Loess Plateau during the Late Quaternary , 2010 .

[29]  James King,et al.  Dust emissions created by low-level rotary-winged aircraft flight over desert surfaces. , 2010 .

[30]  Y. Rudich,et al.  Transport of Saharan dust from the Bodélé Depression to the Amazon Basin : a case study , 2010 .

[31]  W. Arnott,et al.  Single scattering albedo of fine mineral dust aerosols controlled by iron concentration , 2009 .

[32]  J. Neff,et al.  The contemporary physical and chemical flux of aeolian dust: A synthesis of direct measurements of dust deposition , 2009 .

[33]  Hans Moosmüller,et al.  Particle Optics in the Rayleigh Regime , 2009, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[34]  D. Faust,et al.  Loess-like and palaeosol sediments from Lanzarote (Canary Islands/Spain) — Indicators of palaeoenvironmental change during the Late Quaternary , 2009 .

[35]  Rajan K. Chakrabarty,et al.  Aerosol light absorption and its measurement: A review , 2009 .

[36]  H. McGowan,et al.  Long-range dust transport from eastern Australia: A proxy for Holocene aridity and ENSO-type climate variability , 2009 .

[37]  B. Glaser,et al.  Middle and Late Pleistocene loess sequences at Batajnica, Vojvodina, Serbia , 2009 .

[38]  T. Müller,et al.  Spectral absorption coefficients and imaginary parts of refractive indices of Saharan dust during SAMUM-1 , 2009 .

[39]  T. Müller,et al.  In situ measurements of optical properties at Tinfou (Morocco) during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment SAMUM 2006 , 2009 .

[40]  J. Heintzenberg.  The SAMUM-1 experiment over Southern Morocco: overview and introduction , 2009 .

[41]  A. Wiedensohler,et al.  Size distribution, mass concentration, chemical and mineralogical composition and derived optical parameters of the boundary layer aerosol at Tinfou, Morocco, during SAMUM 2006 , 2009 .

[42]  B. Weinzierl,et al.  Saharan dust absorption and refractive index from aircraft-based observations during SAMUM 2006 , 2009 .

[43]  E. McDonald,et al.  Characterizing mineral dusts and other aerosols from the Middle East--Part 2: grab samples and re-suspensions. , 2009, Inhalation toxicology.

[44]  Alan W Gertler,et al.  Characterizing mineral dusts and other aerosols from the Middle East--Part 1: ambient sampling. , 2009, Inhalation toxicology.

[45]  T. Carrillo,et al.  Saharan Dust and the Aerosols on the Canary Islands : Past and Present , 2009 .

[46]  T. D. I. Ter,et al.  Measurements of desert dust optical characteristics at Porte au Sahara during SAMUM , 2009 .

[47]  X. Querol,et al.  Bedrock controls on the mineralogy and chemistry of PM10 extracted from Australian desert sediments , 2009 .

[48]  W. P. Arnott,et al.  Strong spectral variation of biomass smoke light absorption and single scattering albedo observed with a novel dual-wavelength photoacoustic instrument , 2008 .

[49]  J. Párraga,et al.  The nature and tropospheric formation of iberulites: Pinkish mineral microspherulites , 2008 .

[50]  Petros Koutrakis,et al.  A 10-year time-series analysis of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in Nicosia, Cyprus: the effect of short-term changes in air pollution and dust storms , 2008, Environmental health : a global access science source.

[51]  A. Clark,et al.  A vertical profile of PM10 dust concentrations measured during a regional dust event identified by MODIS Terra, western Queensland, Australia , 2008 .

[52]  A. Thomas,et al.  The implications for dust emission modeling of spatial and vertical variations in horizontal dust flux and particle size in the Bodélé Depression, Northern Chad , 2008 .

[53]  E. McDonald,et al.  Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program (EPMSP) , 2008 .

[54]  Tami C. Bond,et al.  Spectral absorption properties of atmospheric aerosols , 2007 .

[55]  Ivana Fenoglio,et al.  Toxic Potential of Mineral Dusts , 2007 .

[56]  Ulrich Bundke,et al.  Chemical composition and complex refractive index of Saharan Mineral Dust at Izaña, Tenerife (Spain) derived by electron microscopy , 2007 .

[57]  I. Alonso,et al.  Airborne dust accumulation and soil development in the North-East sector of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) , 2007 .

[58]  John A Gillies,et al.  Particulate Emissions from U.S. Department of Defense Artillery Backblast Testing , 2007, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[59]  Oleg Dubovik,et al.  Mineral dust emission from the Bodélé Depression, northern Chad, during BoDEx 2005 , 2007 .

[60]  I. Menéndeza,et al.  Airborne dust accumulation and soil development in the North-East sector of Gran Canaria ( Canary Islands , Spain ) , 2007 .

[61]  Irina N. Sokolik,et al.  Characterization of iron oxides in mineral dust aerosols: Implications for light absorption , 2006 .

[62]  Richard Washington,et al.  North African dust emissions and transport , 2006 .

[63]  Y. Kaufman,et al.  The Bodélé depression: a single spot in the Sahara that provides most of the mineral dust to the Amazon forest , 2006 .

[64]  J. Ranville,et al.  Dermally adhered soil: 2. Reconstruction of dry‐sieve particle‐size distributions from wet‐sieve data , 2006, Integrated environmental assessment and management.

[65]  O. Dubovik,et al.  Modelling soil dust aerosol in the Bodélé depression during the BoDEx campaign , 2006 .

[66]  F. Grousset,et al.  Eastern Australia: A possible source of dust in East Antarctica interglacial ice , 2006 .

[67]  Masaru Chiba,et al.  A numerical study of the contributions of dust source regions to the global dust budget , 2006 .

[68]  Richard Washington,et al.  Atmospheric controls on mineral dust emission from the Bodélé Depression, Chad: The role of the low level jet , 2005 .

[69]  Xavier Querol,et al.  Characterisation of TSP and PM2.5 at Izaña and Sta. Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) during a Saharan Dust Episode (July 2002) , 2005 .

[70]  G. McTainsh,et al.  High resolution provenancing of long travelled dust deposited on the Southern Alps, New Zealand , 2005 .

[71]  K. Moorthy,et al.  Radiative effects of natural aerosols: A review , 2005 .

[72]  R. Schneider,et al.  Provenance of present‐day eolian dust collected off NW Africa , 2005 .

[73]  Emission inventory of eight elements, Fe, Al, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ca and Ti, in dust source region of East Asia , 2005 .

[74]  Subir K. Banerjee,et al.  The magnetism of a glacial aeolianite sequence from Lanzarote (Canary Islands): coupling between luvic calcisol formation and Saharan dust trapping processes during wet deposition events off northwestern Sahara , 2004 .

[75]  M. R. Perrone,et al.  Characterization of African dust over southern Italy , 2003 .

[76]  C. Criado,et al.  An unusual ‘blood rain’ over the Canary Islands (Spain). The storm of January 1999 , 2003 .

[77]  Christopher P. McKay,et al.  Mars-Like Soils in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and the Dry Limit of Microbial Life , 2003, Science.

[78]  Jeffrey S. Reid,et al.  Mineral dust aerosol size distribution change during atmospheric transport , 2003 .

[79]  Sandy P. Harrison,et al.  Glacial-interglacial changes in dust deposition on the Chinese Loess Plateau , 2003 .

[80]  C. Zender,et al.  Mineral Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model: Description and 1990s dust climatology , 2003 .

[81]  S. O'Hara,et al.  The dynamics and characteristics of aeolian dust in dryland Central Asia: possible impacts on human exposure and respiratory health in the Aral Sea basin , 2003 .

[82]  C. McKay,et al.  Temperature and moisture conditions for life in the extreme arid region of the Atacama desert: four years of observations including the El Niño of 1997-1998. , 2003, Astrobiology.

[83]  Mar Viana,et al.  Influence of African dust on the levels of atmospheric particulates in the Canary Islands air quality network , 2002 .

[84]  J. Chow,et al.  Introduction to the A&WMA 2002 Critical Review Visibility: Science and Regulation , 2002, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[85]  O. Torres,et al.  ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GLOBAL SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC SOIL DUST IDENTIFIED WITH THE NIMBUS 7 TOTAL OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER (TOMS) ABSORBING AEROSOL PRODUCT , 2002 .

[86]  O. Llinâs,et al.  Saharan dust storms over the Canary islands during winter 1998 as depicted from the advanced very high-resolution radiometer , 2002 .

[87]  N. Middleton,et al.  Saharan dust storms: nature and consequences , 2001 .

[88]  Y. Shao.  A model for mineral dust emission , 2001 .

[89]  R. Draxler,et al.  Estimating PM10 air concentrations from dust storms in Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia , 2001 .

[90]  J. Penner,et al.  Introduction to special section: Outstanding problems in quantifying the radiative impacts of mineral dust , 2001 .

[91]  J. Lelieveld,et al.  Saharan dust in Brazil and Suriname during the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) - Cooperative LBA Regional Experiment (CLAIRE) in March 1998 , 2001 .

[92]  Nick Middleton,et al.  Saharan dust: sources and trajectories , 2001 .

[93]  M. Canals,et al.  Orbital forcing of dust supply to the North Canary Basin over the last 250kyr , 2001 .

[94]  J. Prospero,et al.  Al and Fe in PM 2.5 and PM 10 Suspended Particles in South-Central Florida: The Impact of the Long Range Transport of African Mineral Dust , 2001 .

[95]  W. Patrick Arnott,et al.  Nitrogen dioxide and kerosene-flame soot calibration of photoacoustic instruments for measurement of light absorption by aerosols , 2000 .

[96]  H. Maring,et al.  Aerosol physical and optical properties and their relationship to aerosol composition in the free troposphere at Izaña, Tenerife, Canary Islands, during July 1995 , 2000 .

[97]  S. P. Anderson,et al.  Soils and Geomorphology, Third Edition , 1999 .

[98]  Reinhard F. Bruch,et al.  Photoacoustic spectrometer for measuring light absorption by aerosol: instrument description , 1999 .

[99]  P. Vitousek,et al.  Changing sources of nutrients during four million years of ecosystem development , 1999, Nature.

[100]  Xingmin Meng,et al.  Provenance, transport and characteristics of modern aeolian dust in western Gansu Province, China, and interpretation of the Quaternary loess record , 1998 .

[101]  J. Amigó,et al.  Quantitative x-ray diffraction phase analysis of coarse airborne particulate collected by cascade impactor sampling , 1997 .

[102]  M. Reheis.  Dust deposition downwind of Owens (dry) Lake, 1991-1994 : Preliminary findings , 1997 .

[103]  Ronald Greeley,et al.  Aeolian behavior of dust in a simulated Martian environment , 1997 .

[104]  A. Avila,et al.  Mineralogical composition of African dust delivered by red rains over northeastern Spain , 1997 .

[105]  G. McTainsh,et al.  Dust deposition and particle size in Mali, West Africa , 1997 .

[106]  L. Gomes,et al.  An improved procedure for the X-ray diffraction analysis of low-mass atmospheric dust samples , 1996 .

[107]  M. W. Buch,et al.  Mineralogy and geochemistry of the sediments of the Etosha Pan Region in northern Namibia: a reconstruction of the depositional environment☆ , 1996 .

[108]  R. Chester,et al.  The impact of desert dust across the Mediterranean , 1996 .

[109]  K. Stahr,et al.  Development of soils and site qualities on basic volcanoclastics with special reference to the semiarid environment of lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain , 1996 .

[110]  E. Molinaroli.  Mineralogical Characterisation of Saharan Dust with a View to its Final Destination in Mediterranean Sediments , 1996 .

[111]  C. Mizota,et al.  Isotopic evidence for the eolian origin of quartz and mica in soils developed on volcanic materials in the Canary Archipelago , 1995 .

[112]  P. Chylek,et al.  Effect of absorbing aerosols on global radiation budget , 1995 .

[113]  S. Guerzoni,et al.  Contribution of Saharan dust to the Central Mediterranean Basin , 1993 .

[114]  H. J. van Staveren,et al.  Light scattering in Intralipid-10% in the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm. , 1991, Applied optics.

[115]  B. Corrin,et al.  Silicosis in a Himalayan village population: role of environmental dust. , 1991, Thorax.

[116]  Y. Tardy,et al.  Element distribution patterns in laterites of southern Mali: consequence for geochemical prospecting and mineral exploration , 1990 .

[117]  A. Fordham.  Weathering of biotite into dioctahedral clay minerals , 1990, Clay Minerals.

[118]  G. Bergametti,et al.  African dust observed over Canary Islands: Source‐regions identification and transport pattern for some summer situations , 1989 .

[119]  P. Freyssinet,et al.  The correlation between geochemical data and SPOT satellite imagery of lateritic terrain in southern Mali , 1989 .

[120]  R. Harrison,et al.  Semi-quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of size fractionated atmospheric particles , 1989 .

[121]  R. Feely,et al.  Long–range transport of giant mineral aerosol particles , 1988, Nature.

[122]  A. Goudie,et al.  Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits , 1988 .

[123]  Gilles Bergametti,et al.  Saharan dust on Fuerteventura Island (Canaries): Chemical and mineralogical characteristics, air mass trajectories, and probable sources , 1987 .

[124]  D. Burbank,et al.  Age and palaeoclimatic significance of the loess of Lanzhou, north China , 1985, Nature.

[125]  F. Khalaf,et al.  Mineralogical composition and potential sources of dust fallout deposits in Kuwait, Northern Arabian Gulf , 1985 .

[126]  G. C. Lewis,et al.  IDENTIFICATION OF LOESS BY PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION USING THE COULTER COUNTER TA II1 , 1984 .

[127]  G. Brindley.  The chemistry of clay minerals (developments in sedimentology, 15) , 1975 .

[128]  F. Chung,et al.  Quantitative interpretation of X-ray diffraction patterns of mixtures. I. Matrix-flushing method for quantitative multicomponent analysis , 1974 .

[129]  C. E. Weaver,et al.  The chemistry of clay minerals , 1973 .

[130]  G. Borchardt,et al.  Trace Element Concentration in Amorphous Clays of Volcanic Ash Soils in Oregon , 1971 .

[131]  H. Rietveld.  A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures , 1969 .

[132]  J. Baker.  Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers , 1966 .

[133]  R. Howie,et al.  Rock-forming minerals: Vol. 3 : sheet silicates , 1962 .

[134]  P. Buringh,et al.  Soils and soil conditions in Iraq , 1960 .

[135]  J. Smuts.  Holism and Evolution , 1926 .