The english of the health sciences: a note on foreign borrowings

With medicine having a long, more than 2500-year-old history, it seems obvious that different nations must have contributed to its development, which has been accompanied by the creation of the terminology necessary to describe the discoveries made and to express the concepts that evolved in the course of this development. From the point of view of their linguistic origin, medical terms may have been built by applying the rules of their own code (the language of medicine), by borrowing words from other sub-codes (the language of computer science or statistics), or by borrowing words from foreign languages. This study analyses the third type of borrowings, i.e. words adopted from other cultures through medical English. Key-words: foreign infl uences; lexical borrowings; medical English; medical terminology. * Patwell, J.M. 2003. Fundamentals of Medical Etymology. In: D.M. ANDERSON (Ed.) 2003. Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary XXIII. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier. 30th edition. PR1_33-1_miolo.indd 67 22/8/2013 22:57:46 68 the ESPecialist, São Paulo, vol. 33, no 1 2012 Resumo Sendo a medicina uma ciência com uma longa história, de mais de 2500 anos, parece óbvio que diferentes países tenham contribuído para seu desenvolvimento, que foi acompanhado pela criação da terminologia necessária para descrever as descobertas realizadas e para expressar os conceitos que evoluíram no curso de seu desenvolvimento. Do ponto de vista da origem linguística, os termos médicos podem ter sido construídos por meio da aplicação de regras de um código próprio (a linguagem da medicina), por empréstimo de palavras de outros subcódigos (a linguagem da informática ou da estatística), ou pelo empréstimo de palavras de outros idiomas. Este estudo analisa o terceiro tipo de empréstimo, ou seja, palavras adotadas de outras culturas por meio do inglês médico. Palavras-chave: infl uências estrangeiras; empréstimos lexicais; inglês médico; terminologia médica.

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