A Systematic Method for Specifying Effective Value Models

Abstract It has been argued that a value-driven approach can potentially eliminate troubling issues that arise during the design process, such as cost and schedule overrun, by taking a holistic perspective on how individual design decisions impact high-level attributes of concern. However, value-driven approaches can be difficult to implement in practice, at least partly because supporting tools and methods have not yet been sufficiently developed. Additionally, due to the multitude of researchers investigating the concept of value, it can be difficult to unambiguously characterize what defines an effective value model. In this paper, we attempt to address these issues by first reviewing the literature to produce a clear and concise enumeration of the characteristics of effective value models. Next, a three-stage systematic method is presented as a tool to aid in the specification of value models. To demonstrate the use of the method, a case study is presented that investigates the conceptual design of a multiple- input multiple output hybrid energy system.

[1]  Adam M. Ross,et al.  The Tradespace Exploration Paradigm , 2005 .

[2]  Paul Collopy.  Value-Driven Design & the Global Positioning System , 2006 .

[3]  J. Neumann,et al.  Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. , 1945 .

[4]  George A. Hazelrigg,et al.  A Framework for Decision-Based Engineering Design , 1998 .

[5]  Paul Collopy.  A System for Values, Communication, and Leadership in Product Design , 1996 .

[6]  Daniel E. Hastings,et al.  Assessing Changeability in Aerospace Systems Architecting and Design Using Dynamic Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration , 2006 .

[7]  Paul Collopy,et al.  Aerospace System Value Models: A Survey and Observations , 2009 .

[8]  James Scanlan,et al.  Application of Value-Driven Design to Commercial Aero-Engine Systems , 2010 .

[9]  Joseph H. Saleh,et al.  Value-centric framework and pareto optimality for design and acquisition of communication satellites , 2009, Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw..

[10]  H. Raiffa,et al.  Decisions with Multiple Objectives , 1993 .

[11]  Paul Collopy.  VALUE-DRIVEN DESIGN AND THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM , 2006 .

[12]  Xiaoyu Gu,et al.  Decision-Based Collaborative Optimization , 2002 .

[13]  Paul Collopy,et al.  Value-Driven Design , 2011 .

[14]  H.E. Garcia,et al.  A reconfigurable hybrid system and its application to power plant control , 1995, IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol..

[15]  Paul Collopy.  BALANCING RISK AND VALUE IN SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT , 2003 .

[16]  Christiaan J. J. Paredis,et al.  Hybrid Energy System Modeling in Modelica , 2014 .

[17]  Deborah L Thurston.  Real and Misconceived Limitations to Decision Based Design With Utility Analysis , 2001 .

[18]  Owen Brown,et al.  Application of Value-Centric Design to Space Architectures: The Case of Fractionated Spacecraft* , 2008 .

[19]  K. S. Lai,et al.  ORDNANCE SESSION - 33rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE JOINT PROPULSION CONFERENCE, JULY 6-9,19977 SEATTLE, WA FAILURE ANALYSIS OF ORDNANCE RELATED COMPONENTS SEVENTY FIVE YEARS OF CHALLENGE AND FRUSTRATION , 1997 .

[20]  Paul Collopy,et al.  Value Modeling for a Space Launch System , 2013, CSER.

[21]  George A. Hazelrigg,et al.  On the role and use of mathematical models in engineering design , 1999 .

[22]  Joseph H. Saleh,et al.  Beyond its cost, the value of maintenance: An analytical framework for capturing its net present value , 2009, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[23]  Joy Brathwaite,et al.  On the Concept of Value and its Importance to Space Systems Design and Acquisition , 2008 .

[24]  K. Arrow.  Essays in the theory of risk-bearing , 1958 .

[25]  Jaap Gordijn,et al.  Value-based requirements engineering: exploring innovative e-commerce ideas , 2003, Requirements Engineering.

[26]  Paul Collopy,et al.  ECONOMIC-BASED DISTRIBUTED OPTIMAL DESIGN , 2001 .

[27]  Ralph L. Keeney,et al.  Common Mistakes in Making Value Trade-Offs , 2002, Oper. Res..

[28]  Adam M. Ross,et al.  11.1.1 Using Natural Value-Centric Time Scales for Conceptualizing System Timelines through Epoch-Era Analysis , 2008 .

[29]  Daniel E. Hastings,et al.  Defining changeability: Reconciling flexibility, adaptability, scalability, modifiability, and robustness for maintaining system lifecycle value , 2008 .

[30]  Robert C. Nickerson,et al.  The Use and Value of Models in Decision Analysis , 1980, Oper. Res..

[31]  Joseph H. Saleh,et al.  Comparative cost and utility analysis of monolith and fractionated spacecraft using failure and replacement Markov models , 2011 .

[32]  George A. Hazelrigg,et al.  An Axiomatic Framework for Engineering Design , 1999 .

[33]  Daniel E. Hastings,et al.  Measuring the Value of Designing for Uncertain Future Downward Budget Instabilities , 2004 .

[34]  Paul Collopy.  Surplus value in propulsion system design optimization , 1997 .

[35]  George A. Hazelrigg,et al.  The Implications of Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem on Approaches to Optimal Engineering Design , 1996 .

[36]  Paul Collopy.  VALUE MODELING FOR TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION , 2002 .

[37]  Paul Collopy.  Value of the Probability of Success , 2008 .

[38]  K. Arrow,et al.  Social Choice and Individual Values , 1951 .

[39]  L. A. Goodman,et al.  Social Choice and Individual Values , 1951 .

[40]  Wei Chen,et al.  Decision Making in Engineering Design , 2006 .