A short review paper on Face detection using Machine learning

Detecting faces in images is the first step of any face application such as face recognition ,face localization and face expression. The performance of face detection systems directly affect on correct operating of mentioned applications. Because faces are non-rigid and have high variation in scale ,color ,pose and lighting condition ,designing an automatic system to overcome all mentioned problems is difficult. Machine learning has been shown that is one of the most successful tools to build high performance face detection systems. Due to huge number of studies in this area ,studying all works in this field is tedious. The purpose of this short review paper is to present ,categorize and evaluate some new face detection techniques using four conventional learning machine. The performance and the other evaluation parameters of these methods compare with each other in order to introduce significant techniques and also to state advantages and disadvantages of related works. Keywords—Face detection, Machine Learning, Feature Extraction

[1]  Venu Govindaraju,et al.  Locating human faces in newspaper photographs , 1989, Proceedings CVPR '89: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[2]  Venu Govindaraju,et al.  A computational model for face location , 1990, [1990] Proceedings Third International Conference on Computer Vision.

[3]  Federico Girosi,et al.  Training support vector machines: an application to face detection , 1997, Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[4]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Pedestrian detection using wavelet templates , 1997, Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[5]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[6]  Yoshua Bengio,et al.  Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition , 1998, Proc. IEEE.

[7]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Rotation invariant neural network-based face detection , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98CB36231).

[8]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Neural Network-Based Face Detection , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[9]  Uday B. Desai,et al.  Finding faces in photographs , 1998, Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36271).

[10]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  A general framework for object detection , 1998, Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36271).

[11]  Shaogang Gong,et al.  Support vector regression and classification based multi-view face detection and recognition , 2000, Proceedings Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (Cat. No. PR00580).

[12]  Thomas Serre,et al.  Component-based face detection , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[13]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Robust Real-time Object Detection , 2001 .

[14]  Erik Hjelmås,et al.  Face Detection: A Survey , 2001, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[15]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[16]  Raphaël Féraud,et al.  A Fast and Accurate Face Detector Based on Neural Networks , 2001, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[17]  Harry Shum,et al.  Statistical Learning of Multi-view Face Detection , 2002, ECCV.

[18]  Narendra Ahuja,et al.  Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey , 2002, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[19]  Vijayan K. Asari,et al.  Neural network based skin color model for face detection , 2003, 32nd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, 2003. Proceedings..

[20]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Fast Multi-view Face Detection , 2003 .

[21]  Venu Govindaraju,et al.  Locating human faces in photographs , 1996, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[22]  Christophe Garcia,et al.  Convolutional face finder: a neural architecture for fast and robust face detection , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[23]  Stan Z. Li,et al.  FloatBoost learning and statistical face detection , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[24]  Thomas Vetter,et al.  Synthesis of Novel Views from a Single Face Image , 1998, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[25]  Xiuwen Liu,et al.  Face detection using spectral histograms and SVMs , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics).

[26]  Johan Stephen Simeon Ballot Face recognition using Hidden Markov Models , 2005 .

[27]  Yuan Li,et al.  Vector boosting for rotation invariant multi-view face detection , 2005, Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1.

[28]  Chin-Wang Tao,et al.  Face Detection Using Eigenface and Neural Network , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics.

[29]  C. Shavers,et al.  An SVM-based approach to face detection , 2006, 2006 Proceeding of the Thirty-Eighth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory.

[30]  V. Vapnik Estimation of Dependences Based on Empirical Data , 2006 .

[31]  Kang-Hyun Jo,et al.  Color-based Face Detection using Combination of Modified Local Binary Patterns and embedded Hidden Markov Models , 2006, 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference.

[32]  Riccardo Poli,et al.  Particle swarm optimization , 1995, Swarm Intelligence.

[33]  Nikolaos G. Bourbakis,et al.  A survey of skin-color modeling and detection methods , 2007, Pattern Recognit..

[34]  Qiang Ji,et al.  Multi-view face and eye detection using discriminant features , 2007, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[35]  Mark Johnston,et al.  Particle Swarm Optimization based Adaboost for face detection , 2009, 2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation.

[36]  Junxun Yin,et al.  Multi-pose Face Detection Using Facial Features and AdaBoost Algorithm , 2009, 2009 Second International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering.