Caracterización molecular de arveja arbustiva (Pisum sativum L) en la zona cerealista del departamento de Nariño, Colombia

La arveja (Pisum sativum L.) es uno de los cultivos domesticados mas antiguos, altamente valorados y ampliamente cultivados en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, en Colombia esta especie carece de estudios geneticos que permitan establecer la variabilidad total. Se estudio la estructura y diversidad genetica en una coleccion de 50 introducciones de arveja arbustiva provenientes del departamento de Narino con 16 marcadores de repeticion de secuencia simple (SSR). El promedio del contenido de informacion polimorfica (PIC) fue 0,62 con un total de 28 alelos y un promedio de 4 alelos por locus, siendo el locus AB71 y D21 los que amplificaron el mayor numero de alelos (6). La Heterocigosidad observada (Ho) fue 0.09± 0.08 y la esperada (He) 0.42± 0.33, indicando un alto nivel de endogamia (Fis= 0.60) demostrando la naturaleza homocigota de P. sativum. Se infirieron las relaciones geneticas por medio de un analisis de similitud y un analisis Bayesiano (STRUCTURE) detectando dos agrupaciones para los genotipos de arveja analizados, con una alta similitud con las caracteristicas agromorfologicas de cada genotipo. A pesar de la baja heterocigosis, los valores de heterocigosidad espera de la poblacion total (He = 0.60) y de la agrupacion 2 (He = 0.70) asi como la presencia de alelos unicos y raros, muestran un nivel de variabilidad genetica en la coleccion. Los resultados del presente estudio seran utiles para programas de pre - mejoramiento de la misma.

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