APALLS: A Secure MANET Routing Protocol

In infra-structured networks dedicated routers relay packets between network hosts. In contrast, in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) nodes are simultaneously network hosts and routers. Due to their reduced dependence on communication infrastructure MANETs have useful applications in scenarios where it may be impractical to set up expensive communication infrastructure, and in scenarios involving failure of communication infrastructure. MANET routing protocols are rules to be followed by every mobile node to cooperatively discover optimal paths and route packets between end-points (source and destination nodes). In this chapter we restrict ourselves to the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol (Johnson & Maltz, 1996). In DSR paths between end-points are established by flooding route-request (RREQ) packets originating from the source, in response to which route-response (RREP) packets are sent along the reverse path. The original DSR protocol (Johnson & Maltz, 1996) implicitly assumes that all nodes will abide by the rules. The presence of nodes that do not adhere to the rules, either deliberately, or due to malfunctioning, can have a deleterious effect on the MANET subnet. Secure MANET routing protocols strive to improve the reliability of the routing process under the presence of non cooperative nodes.

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