Development of PN emission factors for the real world urban driving conditions of a hybrid city bus

The effects of basic engine operating parameters on particle emissions from a hybrid city bus were examined under urban driving conditions involving both constant speed and frequent acceleration. To perform the examinations, real-time data for the parameters and solid Particle Number (PN) emissions were synchronously collected. The driving conditions were specifically chosen because, depending on the driving conditions, PN emissions from a city bus may change by an order of magnitude. A PN measurement system highly sensitive to engine transients and background emissions was specifically chosen, because the particle emission levels typically found in modern diesel engines are relatively low.

[1]  S. Soylu.  Examination of PN emissions and size distributions of a hybrid city bus under real world urban driving conditions , 2014 .

[2]  D. B. Hess,et al.  Determinants of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for waiting passengers at bus stops , 2010 .

[3]  Seref Soylu,et al.  The effects of urban driving conditions on the operating characteristics of conventional and hybrid electric city buses , 2014 .

[4]  C. Myung,et al.  Exhaust nanoparticle emissions from internal combustion engines: A review , 2011 .

[5]  H. Oliver Gao,et al.  Developing link-based particle number emission models for diesel transit buses using engine and vehicle parameters , 2009 .

[6]  L Erlandsson,et al.  Measurement of emissions from heavy duty vehicles meeting Euro IV/V emission levels by using on-board measurement in real life operation , 2008 .

[7]  M. Musculus,et al.  Laser diagnostics of soot precursors in a heavy-duty diesel engine at low-temperature combustion conditions , 2012 .

[8]  Zhihua Liu,et al.  Real-world operation conditions and on-road emissions of Beijing diesel buses measured by using portable emission measurement system and electric low-pressure impactor. , 2011, The Science of the total environment.

[9]  Martini Giorgio,et al.  Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) Heavy-duty Inter-laboratory Correlation Exercise (ILCE_HD) , 2010 .

[10]  Christopher A. Laroo,et al.  On-road comparison of a portable emission measurement system with a mobile reference laboratory for a heavy-duty diesel vehicle , 2009 .

[11]  Doo-Sung Baik,et al.  Experimental study on the characteristics of nano-particle emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine using a urea-SCR system , 2012 .

[12]  Takayuki Takeshita,et al.  Assessing the co-benefits of CO2 mitigation on air pollutants emissions from road vehicles , 2012 .

[13]  H. Oliver Gao,et al.  Diesel Particulate Matter Number Emissions: Evaluation of Existing Modal Emission Modeling Approaches , 2010 .

[14]  J Wayne Miller,et al.  Development and application of a mobile laboratory for measuring emissions from diesel engines. 1. Regulated gaseous emissions. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[15]  Agus Nurrohim,et al.  Fuel-based inventory of NOx and SO2 emissions from motor vehicles in the Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan , 2005 .

[16]  Gurpreet Singh,et al.  Review of Heavy-Duty Engine Combustion Research at Sandia National Laboratories , 2000 .

[17]  M. André,et al.  Assessment of heavy-duty vehicle activities, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in port areas , 2013 .

[18]  Tao Huai,et al.  Investigation of solid particle number measurement: existence and nature of sub 23 nm particles under PMP methodology , 2011 .

[19]  Lei Yu,et al.  MICROSCALE EMISSION MODELS INCORPORATING ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION , 2004 .

[20]  Haibo Zhai,et al.  Comparing real-world fuel consumption for diesel- and hydrogen-fueled transit buses and implication for emissions , 2007 .

[21]  Adam Szpiro,et al.  Predicting Airborne Particle Levels Aboard Washington State School Buses. , 2008, Atmospheric environment.

[22]  Kees de Hoogh,et al.  Effects of travel mode on exposures to particulate air pollution. , 2008, Environment international.

[23]  H. Oliver Gao,et al.  Robust modeling and forecasting of diesel particle number emissions rates , 2011 .

[24]  L. Stanek,et al.  Attributing health effects to apportioned components and sources of particulate matter: An evaluation of collective results , 2011 .

[25]  Yifang Zhu,et al.  Concentration and Size Distribution of Ultrafine Particles Near a Major Highway , 2002, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[26]  Shaojun Zhang,et al.  Real-world fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of urban public buses in Beijing , 2014 .

[27]  J H Hong,et al.  Particle number and size distribution characteristics from diesel- and liquefied-natural-gas-fuelled buses for various emission certification modes in the Republic of Korea , 2010 .

[28]  Timothy V. Johnson,et al.  Review of diesel emissions and control , 2009 .

[29]  Haibo Zhai,et al.  A vehicle-specific power approach to speed- and facility-specific emissions estimates for diesel transit buses. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[30]  D. Tree,et al.  Soot processes in compression ignition engines , 2007 .

[31]  H. Burtscher.  Physical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: a review , 2005 .

[32]  Abdul-Ghani Olabi,et al.  Estimating vehicle emissions from road transport, case study: Dublin City , 2011 .

[33]  Carl Ensfield,et al.  Evaluation and comparison of portable emissions measurement systems and federal reference methods for emissions from a back-up generator and a diesel truck operated on a chassis dynamometer. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.