Reliability and economic assessment of a microgrid power system with the integration of renewable energy resources

The reliability assessment of a power system has become a significant subject in the power sector for both utilities and customers due to sudden increase in demand of a reliable power supply at minimal frequency and duration of power outages. This has prompted the utilities to use the accessible renewable energy resources (RERs) as measures to increase the reliability of a power system as well as reduction of over dependence on fossil fuels. The incorporation of renewable energy technologies into a radial distribution system has changed the single power source to bidirectional and multiple power sources. This improves the reliability of the system as well as reducing the power outages that associated with the radial distribution networks. In this work, wind turbine generator (WTG), photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system (BSS) are utilized with the aim of improving the reliability of the existing microgrid power system and reducing the cost of energy (COE) and annualised cost of the system (ACS). The objective of the research work is accomplished by using the total outage cost (TOC), COE, ACS, annualized capital cost (ACC), annualized maintenance cost (AMC), annualized fuel cost (AFC), annualized emission cost (AEC), annualized replacement cost (ARC) and net present cost (NPC) of the power system. An fmincon optimization tool is utilized in this paper to investigate the effects of RERs in a microgrid system. The stochastic characteristics of the major components of RERs and their influences on the reliability of a power system are studied by using a Markov model. The proposed method is applied on the modified Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS)to establish the fact that RERs can be used to enhance the reliability and reduce the COE and ACS of the system. A comparative analysis of RERs is also carried out by studying the effects of interest rates on the COE, NPC and ACS of a power system. The results obtained from the research work demonstrate that the application of renewable energy distributed generation technologies has achieved better results.

[1]  Jia Tang,et al.  Study on day-ahead optimal economic operation of active distribution networks based on Kriging model assisted particle swarm optimization with constraint handling techniques , 2017 .

[2]  Gerard Ledwich,et al.  Improving voltage profile of residential distribution systems using rooftop PVs and Battery Energy Storage systems , 2014 .

[3]  Wenyuan Li,et al.  Reliability Assessment of Electric Power Systems Using Monte Carlo Methods , 1994 .

[4]  E. Macchi,et al.  The potential role of solid biomass for rural electrification: A techno economic analysis for a hybrid microgrid in India , 2016 .

[5]  Moses Peter Musau,et al.  Multi objective dynamic economic emission dispatch with renewable energy and emissions , 2016, 2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica.

[6]  Dilan Jayaweera,et al.  Reliability of active distribution networks with PV based strategic micro-grids , 2013, 2013 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC).

[7]  Joseph F. DeCarolis,et al.  A techno-economic assessment of offshore wind coupled to offshore compressed air energy storage , 2015 .

[8]  Rita Puig,et al.  Optimal sizing of a hybrid grid-connected photovoltaic and wind power system , 2015 .

[9]  Heikki N. Koivo,et al.  System modelling and online optimal management of MicroGrid using Mesh Adaptive Direct Search , 2010 .

[10]  David C. Yu,et al.  Optimal sizing of hybrid PV/diesel/battery in ship power system ☆ , 2015 .

[11]  Tv Ramachandra,et al.  Scope for Decentralized Wind Energy Applications in Uttara Kannada, Karnataka State, India , 2014 .

[12]  Ramesh C. Bansal,et al.  Reliability assessment of distribution system with the integration of renewable distributed generation , 2017 .

[13]  Roy Billinton,et al.  A reliability test system for educational purposes-basic distribution system data and results , 1991 .

[14]  Sanjay Kumar,et al.  Present and Future Energy Scenario in India , 2014 .

[15]  Beni Cukurel,et al.  Economic Dispatch of a Single Micro-Gas Turbine Under CHP Operation with Uncertain Demands , 2017, ArXiv.

[16]  Dusmanta Kumar Mohanta,et al.  Intelligent optimization of renewable resource mixes incorporating the effect of fuel risk, fuel cost and CO2 emission , 2015 .

[17]  Daniel Weisser,et al.  A wind¿diesel system with hydrogen storage: Joint optimisation of design and dispatch , 2006 .

[18]  Wei Zhou,et al.  OPTIMAL SIZING METHOD FOR STAND-ALONE HYBRID SOLAR–WIND SYSTEM WITH LPSP TECHNOLOGY BY USING GENETIC ALGORITHM , 2008 .

[19]  Narayana Prasad Padhy,et al.  Residential electricity cost minimization model through open well-pico turbine pumped storage system , 2017 .

[20]  Shahrin Md. Ayob,et al.  Analysis of a solar PV/battery/DG set-based hybrid system for a typical telecom load: a case study , 2017 .

[21]  Ping Wang,et al.  Risk-aware short term hydro-wind-thermal scheduling using a probability interval optimization model , 2017 .

[22]  Mustapha Koussa,et al.  Economic and environmental analysis for grid-connected hybrid photovoltaic-wind power system in the arid region , 2011 .

[23]  T. Schmidt,et al.  Cost-Efficient Demand-Pull Policies for Multi-Purpose Technologies – The Case of Stationary Electricity Storage , 2015 .

[24]  Abu Raihan,et al.  A techno-economic feasibility of a stand-alone hybrid power generation for remote area application in Bangladesh , 2017 .

[25]  Enzo Sauma,et al.  Business optimal design of a grid-connected hybrid PV (photovoltaic)-wind energy system without energy storage for an Easter Island's block , 2013 .

[26]  Mimoun Younes,et al.  Economic and Emission Dispatch with Renewable Energy Using HSA , 2014 .

[27]  Peng Cheng,et al.  Allocation of ESS by interval optimization method considering impact of ship swinging on hybrid PV/diesel ship power system , 2016 .

[28]  Ali Ahmadian,et al.  Optimal Droop Gains Assignment for Real Time Energy Management in an Islanding Microgrid: A Two-Layer Techno-Economic Approach , 2017 .

[29]  Hongxing Yang,et al.  Optimal design of an autonomous solar–wind-pumped storage power supply system , 2015 .

[30]  Rajesh Karki,et al.  Reliability benefit of energy storage in wind integrated power system operation , 2016 .

[31]  C. Zhang,et al.  Effects of operating temperature on the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries , 2015 .

[32]  Saman Soheyli,et al.  Modeling a novel CCHP system including solar and wind renewable energy resources and sizing by a CC-MOPSO algorithm , 2016 .

[33]  Gilles Notton,et al.  Hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind Energy Systems For Remote Locations , 2011 .

[34]  Ramesh C. Bansal,et al.  The Impacts of PV-Wind-Diesel-Electric Storage Hybrid System on the Reliability of a Power System , 2017 .

[35]  Ranjit Roy,et al.  Comparative Analysis of Economic Viability with Distributed Energy Resources on Unit Commitment , 2016 .

[36]  Iakovos Michailidis,et al.  Occupancy-based demand response and thermal comfort optimization in microgrids with renewable energy sources and energy storage , 2016 .

[37]  Jordan Radosavljević.  A Solution to the Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch Using Hybrid PSOGSA Algorithm , 2016, Appl. Artif. Intell..

[38]  Jang-Ho Lee,et al.  A novel approach for optimal combinations of wind, PV, and energy storage system in diesel-free isolated communities , 2016 .

[39]  Chee Wei Tan,et al.  Assessment of economic viability for PV/wind/diesel hybrid energy system in southern Peninsular Malaysia , 2012 .

[40]  Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia,et al.  Techno-economic analysis of a wind–solar hybrid renewable energy system with rainwater collection feature for urban high-rise application , 2011 .

[41]  S.M.T. Bathaee,et al.  Techno-economic optimization of hybrid photovoltaic/wind generation together with energy storage system in a stand-alone micro-grid subjected to demand response , 2017 .

[42]  Ming Zeng,et al.  Impact of behavior-driven demand response on supply adequacy in smart distribution systems , 2017 .

[43]  Getachew Bekele,et al.  Feasibility study for a standalone solar–wind-based hybrid energy system for application in Ethiopia , 2010 .

[44]  Mohamed Maaroufi,et al.  Multiobjective Optimization of Renewable Energy Penetration Rate in Power Systems , 2014 .

[45]  Iakovos Michailidis,et al.  Intelligent energy and thermal comfort management in grid-connected microgrids with heterogeneous occupancy schedule , 2015 .

[46]  Yasir M. Al-Abdeli,et al.  Optimisation of stand-alone hybrid energy systems supplemented by combustion-based prime movers , 2017 .

[47]  Mohamed Maaroufi,et al.  Probabilistic Economic Emission Dispatch Optimization of Multi-sources Power System☆ , 2014 .

[48]  Filip Johnsson,et al.  Impact of electricity price fluctuations on the operation of district heating systems: A case study of district heating in Göteborg, Sweden , 2017 .

[49]  Henerica Tazvinga,et al.  Non-renewable Distributed Generation Technologies: A Review , 2017 .

[50]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Renewable Energy Devices and Systems – Research , 2015 .

[51]  Prashant Baredar,et al.  Optimisation of the hybrid renewable energy system by HOMER, PSO and CPSO for the study area , 2017 .

[52]  Yuan Zheng,et al.  Techno-economic feasibility study of autonomous hybrid wind/PV/battery power system for a household in Urumqi, China , 2013 .

[53]  Henerica Tazvinga,et al.  Distributed Renewable Energy Technologies , 2017 .

[54]  Yang Zhang,et al.  Optimization of a residential district with special consideration on energy and water reliability , 2017 .

[55]  Ramesh C. Bansal,et al.  Integration of renewable distributed generators into the distribution system: a review , 2016 .

[56]  Francisco Jose,et al.  Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems , 2015 .

[57]  Yusuf Al-Turki,et al.  Techno-economic energy analysis of wind/solar hybrid system: Case study for western coastal area of Saudi Arabia , 2016 .

[58]  Lazaros G. Papageorgiou,et al.  Optimal design of CHP-based microgrids: Multiobjective optimisation and life cycle assessment , 2015 .

[59]  Temitope Raphael Ayodele,et al.  Optimal allocation and sizing of PV/Wind/Split-diesel/Battery hybrid energy system for minimizing life cycle cost, carbon emission and dump energy of remote residential building , 2016 .

[60]  Hongbo Ren,et al.  Optimal operation of a grid-connected hybrid PV/fuel cell/battery energy system for residential applications , 2016 .

[61]  Mario Vasak,et al.  Modular energy cost optimization for buildings with integrated microgrid , 2017 .

[62]  Roy Billinton,et al.  Reliability Evaluation of Engineering Systems , 1983 .