Macroscopic modeling of lane‐changing for two‐lane traffic flow

The authors propose a macroscopic model of lane-changing that is consistent with car-following behavior on a 2-lane highway. Using linear stability theory, it is found that lane-changing affects the stable region and propagation speeds of the first-order and second-order waves. In analyzing a small disturbance, the model effectively reproduces certain non-equilibrium traffic-flow phenomena—small disturbance instability, stop-and-go waves, and local clusters that are affected by lane-changing. The model also gives the flow-density relationships in terms of the actual flow rate, the lane-changing rate, and the difference between the potential flow rate (the flow rate that would have occurred without lane-changing) and the actual flow rate. The relationships between the actual flow rate and traffic density and between the lane-changing rate and traffic density follow a reverse-lambda shape, which is largely consistent with observed traffic phenomena.

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