A Computational Method for Philosophical Interpretation

This thesis seeks to advance the use of computational techniques for the task of philosophical interpretation. To this end I present a novel method which draws on techniques and formal tools from logic-based knowledge modeling, automated reasoning, and natural language processing to support researchers in philosophy. This highly-interdisciplinary and experimental effort forms part of the e-Ideas project which seeks to build a new, computationally-scalable methodology for History of Ideas. I test my method on concrete research questions under investigation by e-Idea’s members and thus provide an illustration of my method’s functioning in practice as well as evidence for its methodological adequacy.

[1]  J. Berg Bolzano's logic , 1962 .

[2]  Barbara J. Grosz,et al.  Natural-Language Processing , 1982, Artificial Intelligence.

[3]  Hector J. Levesque,et al.  On Acting Together , 1990, AAAI.

[4]  Richard L. Epstein The semantic foundations of logic , 1990 .

[5]  G. Rota The pernicious influence of mathematics upon philosophy , 1991, Synthese.

[6]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  Historical review of OCR research and development , 1992, Proc. IEEE.

[7]  Jeroen Bruggeman,et al.  A logical approach to formalizing organization ecology , 1994 .

[8]  Nicola Guarino,et al.  Ontologies and Knowledge Bases. Towards a Terminological Clarification , 1995 .

[9]  Thomas R. Gruber,et al.  Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing? , 1995, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[10]  Jaap Kamps,et al.  Partial Deductive Closure: Logical Simulation and Management Science , 1997 .

[11]  Jaap Kamps,et al.  On Criteria for Formal Theory Building: Applying Logic and Automated Reasoning Tools to the Social Sciences , 1999, AAAI/IAAI.

[12]  Nicola Guarino,et al.  Towards a methodology for ontology based model engineering , 2000 .

[13]  J. Martin Marcos,et al.  Ex Contradictione Non Sequitur Quodlibet , 2001 .

[14]  N. F. Noy,et al.  Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology , 2001 .

[15]  Nicola Guarino,et al.  Evaluating ontological decisions with OntoClean , 2002, CACM.

[16]  Diego Calvanese,et al.  The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation, and Applications , 2003, Description Logic Handbook.

[17]  Georg Brun Die richtige Formel: Philosophische Probleme der logischen Formalisierung. Herausgegeben von Volker Halbach, Alexander Hieke, Hannes Leitgeb und Holger Sturm , 2003 .

[18]  David Lewis Radical interpretation , 2004, Synthese.

[19]  Jian Su,et al.  Exploring Various Knowledge in Relation Extraction , 2005, ACL.

[20]  Ralf Zimmer,et al.  RelEx - Relation extraction using dependency parse trees , 2007, Bioinform..

[21]  Michael Baumgartner,et al.  Adequate formalization , 2007, Synthese.

[22]  Mathias Niepert,et al.  A dynamic ontology for a dynamic reference work , 2007, JCDL '07.

[23]  M. Stokhof Hand or Hammer? On Formal and Natural Languages in Semantics , 2007 .

[24]  Barry Smith,et al.  Foundations of an ontology of philosophy , 2011, Synthese.

[25]  Enrico Motta,et al.  Ontological requirements for annotation and navigation of philosophical resources , 2011, Synthese.

[26]  Sanjeev Arora,et al.  Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach , 2009 .

[27]  Joakim Nivre,et al.  Dependency Parsing , 2009, Lang. Linguistics Compass.

[28]  Mathias Niepert,et al.  From encyclopedia to ontology: toward dynamic representation of the discipline of philosophy , 2011, Synthese.

[29]  Erez Lieberman Aiden,et al.  Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books , 2010, Science.

[30]  Michiel van Lambalgen,et al.  A FORMALIZATION OF KANT’S TRANSCENDENTAL LOGIC , 2011, The Review of Symbolic Logic.

[31]  Katrin Erk,et al.  Vector Space Models of Word Meaning and Phrase Meaning: A Survey , 2012, Lang. Linguistics Compass.

[32]  Asunción Gómez-Pérez,et al.  Interchanging lexical resources on the Semantic Web , 2012, Language Resources and Evaluation.

[33]  James A. Overton “Explain” in scientific discourse , 2013, Synthese.

[34]  Arianna Betti Bolzano’s Universe , 2012 .

[35]  Catarina Dutilh Novaes,et al.  Formal Languages in Logic: A Philosophical and Cognitive Analysis , 2012 .

[36]  Sunitha Abburu,et al.  A Survey on Ontology Reasoners and Comparison , 2012 .

[37]  Aurélie Herbelot,et al.  Distributional techniques for philosophical enquiry , 2012, LaTeCH@EACL.

[38]  A. Betti On Haslanger’s Focal Analysis of Race and Gender in Resisting Reality as an Interpretive Model , 2014 .

[39]  Omer Levy,et al.  word2vec Explained: deriving Mikolov et al.'s negative-sampling word-embedding method , 2014, ArXiv.

[40]  Emhimed Salem Alatrish Comparison Some of Ontology Editors , 2014 .

[41]  Pierfrancesco Basile,et al.  I. Bernard Bolzano , 2014 .

[42]  A. Betti,et al.  Modelling the History of Ideas , 2014 .

[43]  Giancarlo Guizzardi,et al.  Using a trope-based foundational ontology for bridging different areas of concern in ontology-driven conceptual modeling , 2014, Sci. Comput. Program..

[44]  Gemma Boleda,et al.  Distributional vectors encode referential attributes , 2015, EMNLP.

[45]  Gwenn Englebienne,et al.  Ariadne's Thread: Interactive Navigation in a World of Networked Information , 2015, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[46]  Antske Fokkens,et al.  On the Semantics of Concept Drift: Towards Formal Definitions of Semantic Change , 2016 .

[47]  E. Casari Bolzano's Logical System , 2016 .

[48]  Rob Koopman,et al.  Semantic Embedding for Information Retrieval , 2017, BIR@ECIR.

[49]  Carlo Meghini,et al.  Using an ontology for representing the knowledge on literary texts: The Dante Alighieri case study , 2016, Semantic Web.

[50]  Marco Baroni,et al.  High-risk learning: acquiring new word vectors from tiny data , 2017, EMNLP.

[51]  Riccardo Pinosio,et al.  The logic of Kant’s temporal continuum , 2017 .

[52]  Ian Horrocks,et al.  Consequence-based Reasoning for Description Logics with Disjunction, Inverse Roles, Number Restrictions, and Nominals , 2018, IJCAI.

[53]  Michiel van Lambalgen,et al.  The Logic and Topology of Kant's Temporal continuum , 2018, Rev. Symb. Log..

[54]  Antske Fokkens,et al.  BiographyNet: Extracting Relations Between People and Events , 2018, ArXiv.

[55]  A. Betti,et al.  History of Philosophy in Ones and Zeros , 2019, Methodological Advances in Experimental Philosophy.