Characterization of Novel Transcripts of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Using Cap Analysis Gene Expression Technology

ABSTRACT We have performed cap-analysis gene expression (CAGE) sequencing to identify the regulatory networks that orchestrate genome-wide transcription in human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-positive cervical cell lines of different grades: W12E, SiHa, and CaSki. Additionally, a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) lesion was assessed for identifying the transcriptome expression profile. Here we have precisely identified a novel antisense noncoding viral transcript in HPV16. In conclusion, CAGE sequencing should pave the way for understanding a diversity of viral transcript expression.

[1]  Piero Carninci,et al.  Widespread genome transcription: new possibilities for RNA therapies. , 2014, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[2]  Cesare Furlanello,et al.  A promoter-level mammalian expression atlas , 2015 .

[3]  S. Schwartz Papillomavirus transcripts and posttranscriptional regulation. , 2013, Virology.

[4]  Nadav S. Bar,et al.  Landscape of transcription in human cells , 2012, Nature.

[5]  David G. Knowles,et al.  The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding RNAs: Analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression , 2012, Genome research.

[6]  Piero Carninci,et al.  5′ end–centered expression profiling using cap-analysis gene expression and next-generation sequencing , 2012, Nature Protocols.

[7]  M Arbyn,et al.  Worldwide burden of cervical cancer in 2008. , 2011, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[8]  C. Clavel,et al.  The HPV16 transcriptome in cervical lesions of different grades. , 2011, Molecular and cellular probes.

[9]  Susan E. Cellitti,et al.  D-Ornithine coopts pyrrolysine biosynthesis to make and insert pyrroline-carboxy-lysine. , 2011, Nature chemical biology.

[10]  Piero Carninci,et al.  Unamplified Cap Analysis of Gene Expression on a Single-molecule Sequencer , 2022 .

[11]  M. Pawlita,et al.  The HPV transcriptome in HPV16 positive cell lines. , 2011, Molecular and cellular probes.

[12]  S. Graham,et al.  Human papillomavirus: gene expression, regulation and prospects for novel diagnostic methods and antiviral therapies. , 2010, Future microbiology.

[13]  Carsten O. Daub,et al.  Linking promoters to functional transcripts in small samples with nanoCAGE and CAGEscan , 2010, Nature Methods.

[14]  Richard Durbin,et al.  Fast and accurate long-read alignment with Burrows–Wheeler transform , 2010, Bioinform..

[15]  L. Turek,et al.  The E8∧E2 Gene Product of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Represses Early Transcription and Replication but Is Dispensable for Viral Plasmid Persistence in Keratinocytes , 2008, Journal of Virology.

[16]  L. Turek,et al.  Functional Mapping of the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E1 Cistron , 2008, Journal of Virology.

[17]  C. S. Sullivan New roles for large and small viral RNAs in evading host defences , 2008, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[18]  A. Krogh,et al.  A code for transcription initiation in mammalian genomes. , 2007, Genome research.

[19]  S. Graham,et al.  Analysis of novel human papillomavirus type 16 late mRNAs in differentiated W12 cervical epithelial cells , 2007, Virology.

[20]  C. Kai,et al.  CAGE: cap analysis of gene expression , 2006, Nature Methods.

[21]  S. Salzberg,et al.  The Transcriptional Landscape of the Mammalian Genome , 2005, Science.

[22]  K. Yamanegi,et al.  Splicing of a cap-proximal human Papillomavirus 16 E6E7 intron promotes E7 expression, but can be restrained by distance of the intron from its RNA 5' cap. , 2004, Journal of molecular biology.

[23]  J. Kawai,et al.  Cap analysis gene expression for high-throughput analysis of transcriptional starting point and identification of promoter usage , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[24]  C. N. Hansen,et al.  Identification and characterization of a cluster of transcription start sites located in the E6 ORF of human papillomavirus type 16. , 2003, The Journal of general virology.

[25]  H. Hausen Papillomaviruses and cancer: from basic studies to clinical application , 2002, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[26]  C. Johnsen,et al.  Identification of a new promoter in the early region of the human papillomavirus type 16 genome. , 1999, The Journal of general virology.

[27]  T. Iftner,et al.  Identification of a differentiation-inducible promoter in the E7 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) in raft cultures of a new cell line containing high copy numbers of episomal HPV-16 DNA , 1996, Journal of virology.

[28]  M. Stanley,et al.  Detection of novel splicing patterns in a HPV16-containing keratinocyte cell line. , 1990, Virology.

[29]  M. Stanley,et al.  Properties of a non‐tumorigenic human cervical keratinocyte cell line , 1989, International journal of cancer.

[30]  F. Wettstein,et al.  Transcription of human papillomavirus type 16 early genes in a cervical cancer and a cancer-derived cell line and identification of the E7 protein. , 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[31]  R. Schlegel,et al.  Presence and expression of human papillomavirus sequences in human cervical carcinoma cell lines. , 1985, The American journal of pathology.

[32]  Jun Kawai,et al.  Genome-wide detection and analysis of hippocampus core promoters using DeepCAGE. , 2009, Genome research.

[33]  Claude-Alain H. Roten,et al.  Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows–Wheeler transform , 2009, Bioinform..