Oral contraceptive use and salivary C-erbB2 , CEA and CA 15-3 in healthy women : A Case-Control Study

Objectives: Oral contraceptives (OCP) are highly effective, safe and widely used. Higher exposure to endogenous and exogenous estrogens is generally thought to increase the risk of breast cancer. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if oral contraceptive use affected the expression of CA 15-3, CEA and C-erb B-2 in the saliva of healthy women. Study design: The participants consisted of 87 healthy women (43 controls and 44 using oral contraceptives) ranging in age from 20 to 54 years. The volunteers participated by giving one – time stimulated whole saliva samples. Then the samples were analysed for CA 15-3, CEA and C-erb B-2 concentrations. Results: The student t-test was used to compare group means for variables with comparable variability. The mean of C-erb B-2, CEA, and CA 15-3 concentrations (in the case and control groups) was (1.93, 1.70), (34.46, 31.62) and (12.58, 16.19) respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the levels of the cancer biomarkers C-erb B-2, CEA and CA 15-3 were not affected by increased levels of estrogens in the body.

[1]  F. Agha-Hosseini,et al.  Correlation of serum and salivary CA15-3 levels in patients with breast cancer. , 2009, Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal.

[2]  A. Yarat,et al.  Altered biochemical parameters in the saliva of patients with breast cancer. , 2008, The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine.

[3]  M. Vingerhoeds,et al.  Saliva as research material: biochemical, physicochemical and practical aspects. , 2007, Archives of oral biology.

[4]  J. Lester.  Breast cancer in 2007: incidence, risk assessment, and risk reduction strategies. , 2007, Clinical journal of oncology nursing.

[5]  P. Sismondi,et al.  Increased incidence of lobular breast cancer in women treated with hormone replacement therapy: implications for diagnosis, surgical and medical treatment. , 2007, Endocrine-related cancer.

[6]  E. Veerman,et al.  Implications for Diagnostics in the Biochemistry and Physiology of Saliva , 2007, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[7]  Francesmary Modugno,et al.  Oral contraceptive use as a risk factor for premenopausal breast cancer: a meta-analysis. , 2006, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[8]  G. Stuart,et al.  Oral contraceptive discontinuation: do side effects matter? , 2006, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[9]  F. Clavel-Chapelon,et al.  Previous oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk according to hormone replacement therapy use among postmenopausal women , 2005, Cancer Causes & Control.

[10]  C. Streckfus,et al.  The expression of the c-erbB-2 receptor protein in glandular salivary secretions. , 2004, Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology.

[11]  W. Willett,et al.  Towards an integrated model for breast cancer etiology: The lifelong interplay of genes, lifestyle, and hormones , 2004, Breast Cancer Research.

[12]  M. Navazesh.  How can oral health care providers determine if patients have dry mouth? , 2003, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[13]  R. Molina,et al.  Prospective evaluation of tumor markers (c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, CEA and CA 15.3) in patients with locoregional breast cancer. , 2003, Anticancer research.

[14]  F. Guadagni,et al.  A re-evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a serum marker for breast cancer: a prospective longitudinal study. , 2001, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[15]  A Kingman,et al.  Reliability assessment of soluble c-erbB-2 concentrations in the saliva of healthy women and men. , 2001, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[16]  C. Streckfus,et al.  Oral contraceptive usage and the expression of CA 15-3 and c-erbB-2 in the saliva of healthy women. , 1999, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[17]  J. Thigpen,et al.  CA 15–3 and c-erbB-2 presence in the saliva of women , 1999, Clinical Oral Investigations.

[18]  R. Molina,et al.  C-erbB-2, CEA and CA 15.3 serum levels in the early diagnosis of recurrence of breast cancer patients. , 1999, Anticancer research.

[19]  R. Molina,et al.  c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, CEA, and CA 15.3 in patients with breast cancer: prognostic value , 1998, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.

[20]  J. Ross,et al.  The HER‐2/neu Oncogene in Breast Cancer: Prognostic Factor, Predictive Factor, and Target for Therapy , 1998, Stem cells.