Vehicle-to-Vehicle Propagation Models With Large Vehicle Obstructions

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is an enabler for improved traffic safety and congestion control. As for any wireless system, the ultimate performance limit is determined by the propagation channel. A particular point of interest is the shadowing effect of large vehicles such as trucks and buses, as this might affect the communication range significantly. In this paper we present measurement results and model the propagation channel, in which a bus acts either as a shadowing object or as a relay between two passenger cars. The measurement setup is based on a Wireless Open-Access Research Platform (WARP) Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) software radio as transmitter and a Tektronix RSA5106A real-time complex spectrum analyzer as receiver. We analyze the influence of the bus location and car separation distance on the path loss, shadowing, small-scale fading, delay spread, and cross correlation. The main effect of the bus is that it is acting as an obstruction creating an additional 15- to 20-dB attenuation and an increase in the root-mean-square delay spread by roughly 100 ns. A Nakagami distribution is found to well describe the statistics of the small-scale fading, by using Akaike's Information Criterion and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The distance dependence of the path loss is analyzed and a stochastic model is developed.

[1]  Preben E. Mogensen,et al.  Experimental analysis of the joint statistical properties of azimuth spread, delay spread, and shadow fading , 2002, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[2]  Thomas Kurner,et al.  Comparison of path loss measurements and predictions at urban crossroads for C2C communications , 2011, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP).

[3]  Mohamed-Slim Alouini,et al.  On the performance analysis of composite multipath/shadowing channels using the G-distribution , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[4]  Keith Redmill,et al.  An Integrated 802.11p WAVE DSRC and Vehicle Traffic Simulator With Experimentally Validated Urban (LOS and NLOS) Propagation Models , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[5]  Hannes Hartenstein,et al.  Real-World Measurements of Non-Line-Of-Sight Reception Quality for 5.9GHz IEEE 802.11p at Intersections , 2011, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains.

[6]  Jürgen Kunisch,et al.  Wideband Car-to-Car Radio Channel Measurements and Model at 5.9 GHz , 2008, 2008 IEEE 68th Vehicular Technology Conference.

[7]  Harumi Ito,et al.  Field evaluation of UHF radio propagation for an ITS safety system in an urban environment , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[8]  Joseph R. Cavallaro,et al.  WARP, a Unified Wireless Network Testbed for Education and Research , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education (MSE'07).

[9]  Keith Q. T. Zhang.  A decomposition technique for efficient generation of correlated Nakagami fading channels , 2000, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[10]  Fan Bai,et al.  Mobile Vehicle-to-Vehicle Narrow-Band Channel Measurement and Characterization of the 5.9 GHz Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) Frequency Band , 2007, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[11]  Mohammed Ghanbari,et al.  Improving Propagation Modeling in Urban Environments for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[12]  M. J. Gans,et al.  Attenuation and diffraction effects from truck blockage of an 11-GHz line-of-sight microcellular mobile radio path , 1991 .

[13]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  A geometry-based stochastic MIMO model for vehicle-to-vehicle communications , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[14]  Wanbin Tang,et al.  Measurement and Analysis of Wireless Channel Impairments in DSRC Vehicular Communications , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[15]  Koichi Ogawa,et al.  Path-Loss Prediction Models for Intervehicle Communication at 60 GHz , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[16]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  Vehicle-to-vehicle channel models with large vehicle obstructions , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[17]  Mate Boban,et al.  Experimental study on the impact of vehicular obstructions in VANETs , 2010, 2010 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference.

[18]  Fan Bai,et al.  Highway and rural propagation channel modeling for vehicle-to-vehicle communications at 5.9 GHz , 2008, 2008 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.

[19]  Helmut Bölcskei,et al.  Ultrawideband Channel Modeling on the Basis of Information-Theoretic Criteria , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[20]  Fan Bai,et al.  Multi-Path Propagation Measurements for Vehicular Networks at 5.9 GHz , 2008, 2008 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[21]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  First Results from Car-to-Car and Car-to-Infrastructure Radio Channel Measurements at 5.2GHZ , 2007, 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.

[22]  Abbas Jamalipour,et al.  Wireless communications , 2005, GLOBECOM '05. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005..

[23]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  Delay and Doppler Spreads of Nonstationary Vehicular Channels for Safety-Relevant Scenarios , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[24]  F. Tufvesson,et al.  Car-to-car radio channel measurements at 5 GHz: Pathloss, power-delay profile, and delay-Doppler spectrum , 2007, 2007 4th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems.

[25]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  A survey on vehicle-to-vehicle propagation channels , 2009, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[26]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  Measurement based Shadow Fading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Network Simulations , 2012, ArXiv.

[27]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. INVITED PAPER Vehicular Channel Characterization and Its Implications for Wireless System Design and Performan , 2022 .

[28]  Ainslie,et al.  CORRELATION MODEL FOR SHADOW FADING IN MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS , 2004 .

[29]  Chintha Tellambura,et al.  Distribution functions of selection combiner output in equally correlated Rayleigh, Rician, and Nakagami-m fading channels , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[30]  Andreas F. Molisch,et al.  Condensed Parameters for Characterizing Wideband Mobile Radio Channels , 1999, Int. J. Wirel. Inf. Networks.

[31]  Fan Bai,et al.  A Measurement Study of Time-Scaled 802.11a Waveforms Over The Mobile-to-Mobile Vehicular Channel at 5.9 GHz , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[32]  W. Wiesbeck,et al.  A new inter-vehicle communications (IVC) channel model , 2004, IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004. VTC2004-Fall. 2004.

[33]  George K. Karagiannidis,et al.  On the multivariate Nakagami-m distribution with exponential correlation , 2003, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[34]  David W. Matolak,et al.  Vehicle–Vehicle Channel Models for the 5-GHz Band , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[35]  Mate Boban,et al.  Exploiting the height of vehicles in vehicular communication , 2011, 2011 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC).

[36]  Michel Daoud Yacoub,et al.  A Simple Accurate Method for Generating Autocorrelated Nakagami-m Envelope Sequences , 2007, IEEE Communications Letters.

[37]  David R. Anderson,et al.  Model selection and multimodel inference : a practical information-theoretic approach , 2003 .

[38]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  Path Loss Modeling for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[39]  Mate Boban,et al.  Impact of Vehicles as Obstacles in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2011, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[40]  M. V. Clark,et al.  A new path-gain/delay-spread propagation model for digital cellular channels , 1997 .

[41]  Qiang Sun,et al.  Analytical formulae for path loss prediction in urban street grid microcellular environments , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[42]  P. Bello.  Characterization of Randomly Time-Variant Linear Channels , 1963 .