Why Do We Need Justification Logic

Since Plato, the notion of justification has been an essential component of epistemic studies (cf. [17, 24, 26, 28, 38, 44, 51], and many others). However, until recently, the notion of justification was conspicuously absent in the mathematical models of knowledge within the epistemic logic framework. Commencing from seminal works [30, 55], the notions of Knowledge and Belief have acquired formalization by means of modal logic with modals F is known and F is believed. Within this approach, the following analysis was adopted: For a given agent,

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