Histopathological and Biochemical Evaluation of Albendazole in the Treatment of Infected Mice with Hydatid Cyst

Introduction: Hydatidosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, is a prevalent parasitic disease affecting both humans and animals. Albendazole is currently the most effective drug for treating hydatid cysts. This research aimed to investigate the histopathological and biochemical effects of Albendazole on the liver, lung, and kidney of mice experimentally infected by hydatid cysts. Materials and methods: A total of 20 mice weighing approximately 220 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into the Albendazole group (100 mg/kg/day) and the control group (infected Rats without treatment). At the end of the experiment, tissue samples from the liver, lung, and kidney were collected for histopathological evaluation. Liver blood tests were used to assess liver functions or liver injury (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin). Results: After 30 days of daily treatment, the total numbers of cysts, size, and weight of the largest cyst were significantly lower in the Albendazole group, compared to the control group. The study addressed histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and lungs caused by hydatid cysts, such as tissue necrosis, hemorrhage, and local inflammation, indicating the potential for serious complications and significant damage to these organs. The group treated with Albendazole showed severe histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and lungs, compared to the control group. This suggests that Albendazole may trigger a more aggressive response in these organs to the cysts, leading to increased tissue damage. In addition, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin concentrations revealed a significant increase in the Albendazole group. Conclusion: While Albendazole is an effective drug for treating hydatidosis, it can also cause severe side effects on various organs in the body. Therefore, alternative treatment strategies need to be developed to minimize these adverse effects.

[1]  A. Khakshoor,et al.  The Innate Immunity Defense against Gastrointestinal Nematodes: Vaccine Development , 2022, Farm Animal Health and Nutrition.

[2]  Hyun-Yong Lee,et al.  Exceptional Repositioning of Dog Dewormer: Fenbendazole Fever , 2022, Current issues in molecular biology.

[3]  H. Borji,et al.  Potential of Anthelmintic Herbal Drugs against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Farm Animals: A Review , 2022, Farm Animal Health and Nutrition.

[4]  B. Fu,et al.  Herbal Medicines against Hydatid Disease: A Systematic Review (2000–2021) , 2022, Life.

[5]  I. İnce,et al.  Evaluation of albendazole efficiency and complications in patients with pulmonary hydatid cyst , 2021, Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery.

[6]  M. Colombo,et al.  Canine and Feline Parasitology: Analogies, Differences, and Relevance for Human Health , 2021, Clinical microbiology reviews.

[7]  J. Chai,et al.  Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update , 2021, The Korean journal of parasitology.

[8]  R. Akhavan,et al.  Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of hydatid disease: A pictorial review of uncommon imaging presentations , 2021, Heliyon.

[9]  M. Khuroo.  Percutaneous Drainage in Hepatic Hydatidosis-The PAIR Technique: Concept, Technique, and Results. , 2021, Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology.

[10]  S. Babaei,et al.  Evaluation of the Apoptotic and Scolicidal Effects of Crude and Flavonoid Extracts of Allium noeanum on Protoscolices and Hydatid Cyst Wall , 2021, Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products.

[11]  R. Alikhanov,et al.  Laparoscopic radical and conservative surgery for hydatid liver echinococcosis: PSM based comparative analysis of immediate and long-term outcomes , 2021, Surgical Endoscopy.

[12]  T. Irie,et al.  In vivo efficacy of combination therapy with albendazole and atovaquone against primary hydatid cysts in mice , 2021, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.

[13]  H. Mahmoudvand,et al.  Copper nanoparticles: Biosynthesis, characterization, and protoscolicidal effects alone and combined with albendazole against hydatid cyst protoscoleces. , 2021, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[14]  H. Borji,et al.  Effects of Allium sativum on IFN-γ and IL4 concentrations in mice with cystic echinococcosis. , 2020, Experimental parasitology.

[15]  M. Karadağ,et al.  Treatment of Hepatic Hydatid Disease: Role of Surgery, ERCP, and Percutaneous Drainage: A Retrospective Study. , 2020, Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques.

[16]  D. Son,et al.  The Antitumor Potentials of Benzimidazole Anthelmintics as Repurposing Drugs , 2020, Immune network.

[17]  Bin Xu,et al.  Multiplex cytokine and antibody profile in cystic echinococcosis patients during a three-year follow-up in reference to the cyst stages , 2020, Parasites & Vectors.

[18]  S. Savinov,et al.  Drug Screening for Discovery of Broad-spectrum Agents for Soil-transmitted Nematodes , 2019, Scientific Reports.

[19]  D. McManus,et al.  Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century , 2019, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[20]  Namita Bhutani,et al.  Hepatic echinococcosis: A review , 2018, Annals of medicine and surgery.

[21]  H. Borji,et al.  In vivo therapeutic efficacy of the Allium sativum ME in experimentally Echinococcus granulosus infected mice. , 2018, Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases.

[22]  B. Sanei,et al.  Albendazole and Treatment of Hydatid Cyst: Review of the Literature. , 2018, Infectious disorders drug targets.

[23]  Sung-Tae Hong.  Albendazole and Praziquantel: Review and Safety Monitoring in Korea , 2018, Infection & chemotherapy.

[24]  M. Abril,et al.  Albendazole and ivermectin for the control of soil-transmitted helminths in an area with high prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm in northwestern Argentina: A community-based pragmatic study , 2017, PLoS neglected tropical diseases.

[25]  L. Álvarez,et al.  Cystic echinococcosis therapy: Albendazole-loaded lipid nanocapsules enhance the oral bioavailability and efficacy in experimentally infected mice. , 2015, Acta tropica.

[26]  Kwang-Hyeon Liu,et al.  CYP2J2 and CYP2C19 Are the Major Enzymes Responsible for Metabolism of Albendazole and Fenbendazole in Human Liver Microsomes and Recombinant P450 Assay Systems , 2013, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[27]  J. Chai.  Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: An Update , 2013, Infection & chemotherapy.

[28]  S. P. Sinha Babu,et al.  Albendazole induces apoptosis in adults and microfilariae of Setaria cervi. , 2011, Experimental parasitology.

[29]  R. Arise,et al.  Effects of ivermectin and albendazole on some liver and kidney function indices in rats. , 2009 .

[30]  Pedro Moro,et al.  Echinococcosis: a review. , 2009, International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases.

[31]  A. Bell,et al.  Microtubules as antiparasitic drug targets , 2008, Expert opinion on drug discovery.

[32]  A. Karaman,et al.  Characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment modality of pediatric patients with cystic echinococcosis: a single centre experience. , 2019, The Turkish journal of pediatrics.

[33]  S. Bhatia,et al.  Recurrent acute hepatitis caused by albendazole. , 2013, Tropical gastroenterology : official journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation.

[34]  M. Liao,et al.  In vitro and in vivo treatments of Echinococcus granulosus with Huaier aqueous extract and albendazole liposome , 2012, Parasitology Research.