Detection of fMRI activation using Cortical Surface Mapping

A methodology for fMRI data analysis confined to the cortex, Cortical Surface Mapping (CSM), is presented. CSM retains the flexibility of the General Linear Model based estimation, but the procedures involved are adapted to operate on the cortical surface, while avoiding to resort to explicit flattening. The methodology is tested by means of simulations and application to a real fMRI protocol. The results are compared with those obtained with a standard, volume‐oriented approach (SPM), and it is shown that CSM leads to local differences in sensitivity, with generally higher sensitivity for CSM in two of the three subjects studied. The discussion provided is focused on the benefits of the introduction of anatomical information in fMRI data analysis, and the relevance of CSM as a step toward this goal. Hum. Brain Mapping 12:79–93, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

[1]  G. Huiskamp.  Difference formulas for the surface Laplacian on a triangulated surface , 1991 .

[2]  Andrew P. Witkin,et al.  Free-form shape design using triangulated surfaces , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[3]  P. Jezzard,et al.  Sources of distortion in functional MRI data , 1999, Human brain mapping.

[4]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  A Three-Dimensional Statistical Analysis for CBF Activation Studies in Human Brain , 1992, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[5]  Isabelle Bloch,et al.  Multiscale Measures in Linear Scale-Space for Characterizing Cerebral Functional Activations in 3D PET Difference Images , 1997, Scale-Space.

[6]  Jayaram K. Udupa,et al.  Fast surface tracking in three-dimensional binary images , 1989, Comput. Vis. Graph. Image Process..

[7]  R Kawashima,et al.  Changes in rCBF during grasping in humans examined by PET , 1996, Neuroreport.

[8]  D. V. van Essen,et al.  Computerized Mappings of the Cerebral Cortex: A Multiresolution Flattening Method and a Surface-Based Coordinate System , 1996, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[9]  A. Dale,et al.  Functional Analysis of V3A and Related Areas in Human Visual Cortex , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[10]  E. DeYoe,et al.  Mapping striate and extrastriate visual areas in human cerebral cortex. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Anatomically Informed Basis Functions , 2000, NeuroImage.

[12]  F. A. Seiler,et al.  Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing , 1989 .

[13]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  Searching scale space for activation in PET images , 1996, Human brain mapping.

[14]  Guido Gerig,et al.  Nonlinear anisotropic filtering of MRI data , 1992, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging.

[15]  J B Poline,et al.  Enhanced Detection in Brain Activation Maps Using a Multifiltering Approach , 1994, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[16]  William H. Press,et al.  The Art of Scientific Computing Second Edition , 1998 .

[17]  J W Belliveau,et al.  Borders of multiple visual areas in humans revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. , 1995, Science.

[18]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  Detecting changes in nonisotropic images , 1999, Human brain mapping.

[19]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  A unified statistical approach for determining significant signals in images of cerebral activation , 1996, Human brain mapping.

[20]  Thomas E. Nichols,et al.  Statistical limitations in functional neuroimaging. II. Signal detection and statistical inference. , 1999, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[21]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach , 1994 .

[22]  M. Andermann,et al.  Detecting Changes In Non-Isotropic Images , 1999 .

[23]  H A Drury,et al.  Computational methods for reconstructing and unfolding the cerebral cortex. , 1995, Cerebral cortex.

[24]  A. Dale,et al.  High‐resolution intersubject averaging and a coordinate system for the cortical surface , 1999, Human brain mapping.

[25]  T. Liszka,et al.  The finite difference method at arbitrary irregular grids and its application in applied mechanics , 1980 .

[26]  D. V. van Essen,et al.  Functional and structural mapping of human cerebral cortex: solutions are in the surfaces. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.