Possibilities of the forecast of generation of the high energy solar protons for the safety of Mars mission

Abstract During interplanetary flight, after large solar flares, astronauts are subject to the impact of relativistic solar protons. These particles produce an especially strong effect during extravehicular activity or landing on Mars (in the future). The relativistic protons reach the orbits of the Earth and Mars with a delay of several hours relative to solar X-rays and UV radiation. In this paper, we discuss a new opportunity to predict the most dangerous events caused by Solar Cosmic Rays with protons of maximum (relativistic) energy, known in the of solar-terrestrial physics as Ground Level Enhancements or Ground Level Events (GLEs) . This new capability is based on a close relationship between the dangerous events and decrease of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) which precedes these events. This important relationship is revealed for the first time.

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