Variability in operation-based NO(x) emission factors with different test routes, and its effects on the real-driving emissions of light diesel vehicles.

The objective of this study is to quantify the differences in NO(x) emissions between standard and non-standard driving and vehicle operating conditions, and to estimate by how much NO(x) emissions exceed the legislative emission limits under typical Korean road traffic conditions. Twelve Euro 3-5 light-duty diesel vehicles (LDDVs) manufactured in Korea were driven on a chassis dynamometer over the standard New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and a representative Korean on-road driving cycle (KDC). NO(x) emissions, average speeds and accelerations were calculated for each 1-km trip segment, so called averaging windows. The results suggest that the NO(x) emissions of the tested vehicles are more susceptible to variations in the driving cycles than to those in the operating conditions. Even under comparable operating conditions, the NO(x) control capabilities of vehicles differ from each other, i.e., NO(x) control is weaker for the KDC than for the NEDC. The NO(x) emissions over the KDC for given vehicle operating conditions exceed those over the NEDC by more than a factor of 8. Consequently, on-road NO(x) emission factors are estimated here to exceed the Euro 5 emission limit by up to a factor of 8, 4 and 3 for typical Korean urban, rural, and motorway road traffic conditions, respectively. Our findings support the development of technical regulations for supplementary real-world emission tests for emission certification and the corresponding research actions taken by automotive industries.

[1]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Exhaust emissions of diesel engines operating under transient conditions with biodiesel fuel blends , 2012 .

[2]  Kebin He,et al.  Characteristics of diesel truck emission in China based on portable emissions measurement systems. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[3]  Eva Ericsson,et al.  Independent driving pattern factors and their influence on fuel-use and exhaust emission factors , 2001 .

[4]  Silvana Di Iorio,et al.  Experimental analysis of alternative fuel impact on a new “torque-controlled” light-duty diesel engine for passenger cars , 2010 .

[5]  H. Frey,et al.  Fuel use and emissions comparisons for alternative routes, time of day, road grade, and vehicles based on in-use measurements. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[6]  Patrick Debal,et al.  Comparison of on-road emissions with emissions measured on chassis dynamometer test cycles , 2006 .

[7]  Pierre Bonnel,et al.  On-road Emissions and Fuel Economy of Light Duty Vehicles using PEMS: Chase-Testing Experiment , 2008 .

[8]  B. Mahr,et al.  Future and Potential of Diesel Injection Systems , 2004 .

[9]  Federico Millo,et al.  Analysis of different exhaust gas recirculation architectures for passenger car Diesel engines , 2012 .

[10]  Xianbao Shen,et al.  On-board measurements of emissions from diesel trucks in five cities in China , 2012 .

[11]  Mauro Colombo,et al.  Assessment of on-road emissions of four Euro V diesel and CNG waste collection trucks for supporting air-quality improvement initiatives in the city of Milan. , 2012, The Science of the total environment.

[12]  James Tate,et al.  Recent evidence concerning higher NOx emissions from passenger cars and light duty vehicles , 2011 .

[13]  G. Velders,et al.  Higher than expected NOx emission from trucks may affect attainability of NO2 limit values in the Netherlands , 2011 .

[14]  Michel André,et al.  The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car pollutant emissions. , 2004, The Science of the total environment.

[15]  J. G. Hawley,et al.  Diesel engine exhaust gas recirculation--a review on advanced and novel concepts , 2004 .

[16]  Martin Weiss,et al.  Will Euro 6 reduce the NOx emissions of new diesel cars? – Insights from on-road tests with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) , 2012 .

[17]  Ki-Hyun Kim,et al.  Impact of emission control strategy on NO2 in urban areas of Korea , 2011 .

[18]  Francisco Payri,et al.  Thermo- and fluid-dynamic processes in diesel engines 2 : selected papers from the THIESEL 2002 conference held in Valencia, Spain, September 11-13, 2002 , 2002 .

[19]  Michel De Paepe,et al.  Recommendations for the new WLTP cycle based on an analysis of vehicle emission measurements on NEDC and CADC , 2012 .

[20]  M. Weiss,et al.  On-road emissions of light-duty vehicles in europe. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[21]  Michael Fenkl,et al.  Off-cycle, Real-World Emissions of Modern Light Duty Diesel Vehicles , 2009 .

[22]  Arthur M. Winer,et al.  Effects of In-Use Driving Conditions and Vehicle/Engine Operating Parameters on , 1994 .

[23]  Norimasa Iida,et al.  Transient NOx Characteristics of Freight Vehicles with EGR System in Real Traffic Conditions , 2005 .

[24]  Weiss Martin,et al.  A complementary emissions test for light-duty vehicles: Assessing the technical feasibility of candidate procedures , 2013 .

[25]  B. Pla,et al.  Effects of low pressure exhaust gas recirculation on regulated and unregulated gaseous emissions dur , 2011 .