Development and process evaluation of a web-based smoking cessation program for college smokers: innovative tool for education.

Smoking cessation interventions are needed for young adults. Innovative approaches to behavior change for this population should be tested. Formative research and process evaluation of those approaches would result in more effective programs. This paper presents the development process and process evaluation of a web-based smoking cessation program. A description of the stages of development is presented with formative research, development of the web-based intervention, formative evaluation, and process evaluation. The smokers reported high usage of the intervention and satisfaction with the intervention in that it helped to raise their consciousness about quitting, encouraged them to set behavioral goals, provided stages of change feedback, and offered interactivity in presenting information and strategies about quitting. The Internet may be a promising tool for patient education according to the process results.

[1]  J. A. Epstein,et al.  Adolescent cigarette smoking: prevalence, causes, and intervention approaches. , 1998, Adolescent medicine.

[2]  D. Borzekowski,et al.  Adolescent cybersurfing for health information: a new resource that crosses barriers. , 2001, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine.

[3]  S. Sussman,et al.  Effects of thirty-four adolescent tobacco use cessation and prevention trials on regular users of tobacco products. , 1999, Substance use & misuse.

[4]  D Johnston,et al.  Implications of the results of community intervention trials. , 1998, Annual review of public health.

[5]  S I Woodruff,et al.  Pilot test of an Internet virtual world chat room for rural teen smokers. , 2001, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[6]  Borzekowski,et al.  Urban girls, internet use, and accessing health information , 2000, Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology.

[7]  R L DeBernardo,et al.  An E-mail assessment of undergraduates' attitudes toward smoking. , 1999, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[8]  S. Osganian,et al.  Design of Process Evaluation within the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) , 1994, Health education quarterly.

[9]  Leslie J. Briggs,et al.  Principles of Instructional Design , 1974 .

[10]  Sarah A. McGraw,et al.  Methods in Program Evaluation , 1989 .

[11]  Sam.  Smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost--United States, 1988. , 1991, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[12]  Leslie Lenert,et al.  Implementation Brief: Design and Pilot Evaluation of an Internet Smoking Cessation Program , 2003, J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc..

[13]  Mark W. Lipsey,et al.  Evaluation: A Systematic Approach , 1979 .

[14]  N. Rigotti,et al.  College Smoking Policies and Smoking Cessation Programs: Results of a Survey of College Health Center Directors , 2001, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[15]  D. Gustafson,et al.  An Evidence-Based Approach to Interactive Health Communication: A Challenge to Medicine in the Information Age , 1998 .

[16]  M. Myers,et al.  Smoking intervention with adolescent substance abusers. Initial recommendations. , 1999, Journal of substance abuse treatment.

[17]  N. Rigotti,et al.  Increased levels of cigarette use among college students: a cause for national concern. , 1998, JAMA.

[18]  D. Black,et al.  Identification of Campaign Recruitment Strategies for a Stepped Smoking Cessation Intervention for a College Campus , 1991, Health education quarterly.

[19]  E KoplanKate,et al.  Smoking Cessation , 2000 .

[20]  J. Gittelsohn,et al.  Recruiting adolescents into qualitative tobacco research studies: experiences and lessons learned. , 1999, The Journal of school health.

[22]  K Bosworth,et al.  Using multimedia to teach conflict-resolution skills to young adolescents. , 1996, American journal of preventive medicine.

[23]  Jo Ann Oravec.  On-Line Medical Information and Service Delivery: Implications for Health Education , 2000 .

[24]  Jakob Nielsen,et al.  Usability engineering , 1997, The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook.

[25]  M P Fulop,et al.  The role of computer-based resources in health promotion and disease prevention: implications for college health. , 1996, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[26]  June A. Flora,et al.  Interactive technology attributes in health promotion: Practical and theoretical issues. , 1997 .

[27]  G. Dino,et al.  Recruitment barriers and successes of the American Lung Association's Not-On-Tobacco Program. , 2003, The Journal of school health.

[28]  S. Tiffany,et al.  Smoking cessation interventions for university students: recruitment and program design considerations based on social marketing theory. , 1993, Preventive medicine.

[29]  W. Velicer,et al.  Computer-based smoking cessation interventions in adolescents: description, feasibility, and six-month follow-up findings. , 1998, Substance use & misuse.

[30]  H Wechsler,et al.  Predictors of smoking among US college students. , 1998, American journal of public health.

[31]  Richard L. Street,et al.  Health promotion and interactive technology : theoretical applications and future directions , 1997 .

[32]  C. Husten,et al.  Smoking initiation and smoking patterns among US college students. , 1999, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[33]  J. Prochaska,et al.  Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. , 1983, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.