Detection of gas-phase chemical warfare agents using field-portable gas chromatography–mass spectrometry systems: instrument and sampling strategy considerations

Abstract Selection of sampling methods and GC–MS instrumentation for field analysis of dangerous chemicals should be based on desired performance. Using a combined, man-portable, GC–MS sampler, volatile compounds may be analyzed while in a contaminated atmosphere. Alternatively, a small solid-phase microextraction sampler allows analysis in a nearby clean area with stationary GC–MS instrumentation that offers advantages in sample throughput and the range of samples that may be analyzed.

[1]  Philip A. Smith,et al.  Solid phase microextraction with analysis by gas chromatography to determine short term hydrogen cyanide concentrations in a field setting , 2002 .

[2]  B. Eckenrode The application of an integrated multifunctional field‐portable GC/MS system , 1998 .

[3]  W. Ng,et al.  In-situ derivatisation of degradation products of chemical warfare agents in water by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. , 1999, Journal of chromatography. A.

[4]  L. L. Reed,et al.  Screening for sarin in air and water by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2001, Journal of chromatographic science.

[5]  R. Mustacich,et al.  Development and evaluation of a low thermal mass gas chromatograph for rapid forensic GC–MS analyses , 2001 .

[6]  H. Lakso,et al.  Determination of Chemical Warfare Agents in Natural Water Samples by Solid-Phase Microextraction , 1997 .

[7]  M. Heyl,et al.  Analytical Chemistry Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons , 1997 .

[8]  G. L. Hook,et al.  Application of headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for detection of the chemical warfare agent bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide in soil. , 2002, Journal of chromatography. A.

[9]  P. Savage,et al.  Detection of VX contamination in soil through solid-phase microextraction sampling and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the VX degradation product bis(diisopropylaminoethyl)disulfide. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[10]  Janusz Pawliszyn,et al.  Solid phase microextraction : theory and practice , 1997 .

[11]  P. Savage,et al.  Solid phase microextraction sampling and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for field detection of the chemical warfare agent O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX) , 2003 .