OBSERVATION ET COMMANDE DE LA MACHINE ASYNCHRONE SANS CAPTEUR MÉCANIQUE

Ce travail s'inscrit principalement dans le domaine de l'observation et de la commande non lineaires pour la machine asynchrone sans capteurs mecaniques. La premiere partie est consacree aux problemes d'observabilite auxquels la machine asynchrone est confrontee. Nous avons etabli que La machine asynchrone est inobservable lorsqu'elle fonctionne a tres basse vitesse sans capteurs mecaniques. Dans cet objectif, deux benchmarks sont definis : "Benchmark Observateurs sans capteurs mecaniques" et "Benchmark Commande sans capteurs mecaniques". Ces deux benchmarks permettent respectivement de tester les observateurs et les commandes de la machine asynchrone sans capteurs mecaniques sur des trajectoires difficiles liees notamment aux problemes d'observabilite de cet actionneur a tres basses vitesse. La deuxieme partie est dediee a la synthese d'observateurs non lineaires (capteurs logiciels) pour la machine asynchrone qui permettent de remplacer l'information donnee par les capteurs physiques en utilisant comme seules mesures les grandeurs electriques. La derniere partie est consacree a la conception d'une loi de commande non lineaire pour la machine asynchrone. Cette loi de commande est associee a un observateur de vitesse pour realiser une commande sans capteurs mecaniques de la machine asynchrone. Les differents observateurs ainsi que la loi de commande ont ete testes et valides experimentalement au moyen des deux benchmarks sur la plate forme d'essai de machines electriques situee a l'IRCCyN.

[1]  G. Besancon.  Contributions à l'étude et à l'observation des systèmes non linéaires avec recours au calcul formel , 1996 .

[2]  A. Ferrara,et al.  Speed regulation of induction motors: an adaptive sensorless sliding mode control scheme , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference.

[3]  M. Kuchar,et al.  Sensorless induction motor drive with neural network , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[4]  Th.M. Wolbank,et al.  Combination of signal injection and neural networks for sensorless control of inverter fed induction machines , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[5]  Cristiano Maria Verrelli,et al.  A global tracking control for speed-sensorless induction motors , 2004, Autom..

[6]  D. Luenberger.  An introduction to observers , 1971 .

[7]  Cristiano Maria Verrelli,et al.  Adaptive control of sensorless induction motors with uncertain rotor resistance , 2002, Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2002..

[8]  Aitor J. Garrido,et al.  A sensorless variable structure control of induction motor drives , 2004 .

[9]  Paul-Etienne Vidal.  Commande non-linéaire d'une machine asynchrone à double alimentation , 2004 .

[10]  Franck Morand.  Techniques d'observation sans capteur de vitesse en vue de la commande des machines asynchrones , 2005 .

[11]  Asif Sabanovic,et al.  Application of Sliding Modes to Induction Motor Control , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[12]  Giuseppe Guidi,et al.  A novel stator resistance estimation method for speed-sensorless induction motor drives , 2000 .

[13]  M. Ghanes,et al.  New benchmark for sensorless induction motor drives and validation of a nonlinear controller using a speed observer , 2005, 31st Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2005. IECON 2005..

[14]  Hassan K. Khalil,et al.  A robust torque controller for induction motors without rotor position sensors: analysis and experimental results , 1997 .

[15]  Malek Ghanes,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF A CASCADE OBSERVER FOR SENSORLESS INDUCTION MOTOR ON LOW FREQUENCIES BENCHMARK , 2005 .

[16]  H. Tajima,et al.  Speed sensorless field orientation control of the induction machine , 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[17]  Hassan Hammouri,et al.  Observer Synthesis for a Class of Nonlinear Control Systems , 1996, Eur. J. Control.

[18]  C. Moog,et al.  Nonlinear Control Systems: An Algebraic Setting , 1999 .

[19]  J. Holtz.  Is sensorless position control of standard induction motors a feasible technology? , 2000, Proceedings IPEMC 2000. Third International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.00EX435).

[20]  D. Luenberger.  Observing the State of a Linear System , 1964, IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics.

[21]  Eduardo D. Sontag,et al.  Mathematical Control Theory: Deterministic Finite Dimensional Systems , 1990 .

[22]  Francisco A. S. Neves,et al.  An Evaluation of Sensorless Induction Motor Drives for Low Speed Operation , 1999 .

[23]  H. Kubota,et al.  DSP-based speed adaptive flux observer of induction motor , 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[24]  Malek Ghanes,et al.  Validation of an Interconnected High Gain Observer for Sensorless Induction Motor on Low Frequencies Benchmark : Application to an Experimental Set-Up , 2004 .

[25]  Sergei Peresada,et al.  High-performance indirect field-oriented output-feedback control of induction motors , 1999, Autom..

[26]  Li-Chen Fu,et al.  Non-linear sensorless indirect adaptive speed control of induction motor with unknown rotor resistance and load , 2000 .

[27]  Jean-Paul Hautier,et al.  Modélisation et commande de la machine asynchrone , 1995 .

[28]  S. Liberty,et al.  Linear Systems , 2010, Scientific Parallel Computing.

[29]  G. Schreier,et al.  Cascade nonlinear observers: application to an experimental induction motor benchmark , 2001 .

[30]  E.G. Strangas,et al.  Sensorless speed control of induction motors , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference.

[31]  C. C. Wit,et al.  Observability conditions of induction motors at low frequencies , 2000, Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.00CH37187).

[32]  Mark Sumner,et al.  Practical sensorless induction motor drive employing an artificial neural network for online parameter adaptation , 2002 .

[33]  Riccardo Marino,et al.  Global adaptive output feedback control of induction motors with uncertain rotor resistance , 1999, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[34]  M. Ghanes,et al.  Original benchmark for sensorless induction motor drives at low frequencies and validation of high gain observer , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference.

[35]  A. Krener,et al.  Nonlinear controllability and observability , 1977 .

[36]  J. Pearson.  Linear multivariable control, a geometric approach , 1977 .

[37]  D. Luenberger.  Observers for multivariable systems , 1966 .

[38]  Gerardo Espinosa-Pérez,et al.  Global observability analysis of sensorless induction motors , 2004, Autom..

[39]  Darren M. Dawson,et al.  Sensorless rotor velocity tracking control for induction motors , 2001, IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol..

[40]  John Chiasson,et al.  Nonlinear Controllers for Induction Motors , 1995 .

[41]  H. Hammouri,et al.  Observer synthesis for state-affine systems , 1990, 29th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.